Insects has repeated modular segment that develop independently of each other promoted their diversification and evolutionary success. They are able to evolve appendage that are specialized for diverse functions.
Hypotheses propose that insect diversity either result form low extinction rates and resilience to mass extinctions and acquisition of key innovation that allowed them to radiate into newly formed niches.
There exoskeleton characteristics are commonly responsible for the diversification of insects on land. These insects are the amazing diversity in the surrounding , it believed that insects are so successful because they have protective shell /exoskeleton , they have small in size and they can fly.
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Which of the following Kingdoms does not have Heterotrophs?
A. Animalia
B. Plantae
C. Protista
D. Fungi
In pcr, an instrument is used to increase and decrease the temperature at set intervals in order to:________.
In order to generate several copies of the desired DNA sequence, the PCR procedure includes repeatedly heating and cooling the reaction through a series of temperature variations.
A partial match between the primer and the template will be stable enough at lower temperatures, allowing for more widespread amplification. Your specificity will increase as the temperature rises because longer suitable sequences are needed for the primer to bind to.In order to generate several copies of the desired DNA sequence, the PCR procedure includes repeatedly heating and cooling the reaction through a series of temperature variations.One significant benefit of PCR is the ability to amplify target sequences from a single copy of the starting material, even when the template is tainted with inhibitors and degraded.learn more about PCR here: https://brainly.com/question/7177771
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Cellulose is an example of a ________. polypeptide polysaccharide monosaccharide steroid
Cellulose is an example of a polysaccharide.
Plants produce a polysaccharide known as cellulose. It makes up a part of the cell walls. This substance is a polymer made up of many glucose monomers connected by glycosidic connections. They consist of a linear chain of β 1,4-linked d-glucose units that have been polymerized to varying degrees (from a few hundred to over ten thousand).
Compared to starch or glycogen, cellulose has a distinct structure and consequently different properties because of how the glucose molecules are bonded together. On cellulose, the hydrolyzing enzymes for starch do not function.
The majority of species cannot digest cellulose. Therefore it bypasses them (roughage). Termites and goats have microbes that help them digest cellulose; they don't actually do it themselves.
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Imagine a plant with carotenoids but no chlorophyll. which color(s) of light would be most beneficial to the plant?
If a plant with carotenoids but no chlorophyll then caretenoids absorb light at wavelengths around 400-500 nm, in which violet and blue. Energy absorbed by these pigments drive photosynthesis so violet blue light would be most useful to this plant.
The best wavelength of visible light for photosynthesis under blue range is 400-450 nm and in red range is 600 - 700 nm . Plants have other pigment which help the plant in absorption of light that chlorophyll misses.
carotenoids are yellow in color to red pigment presents in almost every leaf that absorb some of the green that chlorophyll can not. carotenoids that fall foliage much of their yellow and orange colors.
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How does seed-cutting differ from shelterwood cutting? a. shelterwood cutting removes all trees within a given area. b. shelterwood cutting takes place over several years. c. seed-cutting takes place over several years. d. seed-cutting is more damaging to the natural environment. please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
The correct answer is (b) Shelter wood cutting takes place over several years
What is Shelter wood cutting?
Shelter wood cutting is the progressively cutting of the forest, in order to establish the growth of the new generation of the seedlings of a particular species without planting.An even-aged method of establishing and fostering desired natural regeneration is shelter wood harvesting. More sunlight reaches the forest floor to encourage seedling development by removing a mature stand in two to three cuts over five to twenty years.What is a seed tree cut?
A kind of cut when only the trees required for regeneration and reserve trees are removed. produces a new age class and prepares the seed bed for the seed-tree or shelter wood regeneration process in an even-aged or two-aged stand.What is shelter wood cutting pros and cons?
Cutting shelter wood is a more environmentally friendly method of tree harvesting. Clear cutting, however, can provide more resources and is quicker. However, during clear-cutting, the chosen forest is completely destroyed, and everything in the way is removed (including animals).Learn more about Shelter wood cutting
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Which process is a squeezing motion of the circular layer of smooth muscle in the small intestine?
Segmentation is a squeezing motion of the circular layer of smooth muscle in the small intestine.
What is segmentation in the small intestine?
Segmentation, which mostly affects the small intestine, is made up of localized contractions of the Gastro-Intestinal tract's circular muscle. These contractions separate out little portions of the intestine, allowing their contents to move back and forth while being continuously divided, broken up, and mixed.
Our intestines' circular muscles contract during segmentation to churn food back and forth, rather like a washing machine. This churning helps break down food into tiny bits for digestion by allowing it to mix with gastric secretions in the intestines. By bringing chyme into contact with the intestinal walls during segmentation, the technique also helps to increase absorption.
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What other food groups or nutrients are lacking in mrs. f's usual diet? would you have given any of them a higher priority than protein? why or why not?
From the question it seems that Mrs.f has lack of protein in her usual diet which may cause problem for her .so the food groups and the nutrients which have high calorific value than protein or the food which which is very very high high in protein i would like to suggest her .
As protein plays a vital role in human body ,so everyone follows a diet which includes high protein in their day to day life .
What is Protein ?The protein is that we eat are made up of different amino acids . and these amino acids are what the body uses for various functions ,from certain hormones to building specific proteins within the body . there are 20 amino acids that make up proteins and each one is categorized as essential and non-essential .
Protein promotes the satiety , reduce risk of high blood pressure ,support injury recovery ,reduce the risk of developing sarcopenia and help to keep the immune system functioning .
The protein rich food are as follows :
1. lean beef : including leef bean in your diet not only provides your body with high protein but also provides nutrients like zinc and iron .22 grams of protein in a plate .
2. chicken : chicken packs a punch in the protein department .27 grams of protein in a bowl.
3.salmon : salmon may be the healthy fats that support heart health.19 grams of protein .
4.eggs : it has high protein value .6 grams protein per large egg .
5.peanut butter : peanut butter is a plant based protein .7 grams protein per 2 tablespoons .
6.lentils: they are not only loaded with protein but also they have properties like antioxidant ,fiber ,vitamins ,and minerals .18 grams of protein in one cup of cooked lentils.
7. other than that food like green vegetables which includes carrot, broccoli ( which is rich in calcium ,iron ,phosphorous ,potassium and zinc) .other like spinach ,avocado ,bell peppers ,meat liver ,fish oil ,bananas .
Also include much intake of water and minerals .
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A chemical by itself is harmless in the human body. However, in the presence of lead, the
chemical becomes toxic. This is the result of
Select one:
Oa. Bioaccumulation
Ob. Biomagnification
Oc. The Synergy Effect
Od. Endocrine Disruptors
If a harmless chemical becomes toxic in the presence of lead, this is the result of the Synergy Effect.
What is the Synergy Effect?The Synergy Effect refers to a phenomenon in which a substance can change its properties such as toxicity in the presence of another substance.
In this case, the chemical is under the Synergy Effect because it becomes toxic in the presence of a metal (Pb).
This effect is evident when the interaction of chemical substances is not equal to the substances alone.
In conclusion, if a harmless chemical becomes toxic in the presence of lead, this is the result of the Synergy Effect.
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Water channels in cell membranes formed by __________ are a result of adh signaling in the kidneys.
Water channels in cell membranes formed by aquaporins are a result of ADH signaling in the kidneys.
What is ADH signaling in kidneys?The main hormone in charge of maintaining tonicity homeostasis is ADH. Its release is most strongly triggered in hyperosmolar conditions. The neurons of the hypothalamus store ADH. These neurons have osmoreceptors that respond to variations in blood osmolarity as little as two mOsm/L and are incredibly receptive to them .As a result, ADH is secreted in response to modest increases in osmolarity. Then, ADH works largely in the kidneys to boost water absorption, bringing the osmolarity back to normal.What are Aquaporins?Aquaporins, also known as water channels, are channel proteins that produce pores in the membrane of living cells, primarily aiding the passage of water between cells. They are part of a wider family of important intrinsic proteins.
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Bacteria that degrade oil at great depths in offshore waters have most likely evolved new pathways and ________ by modifying existing ones
Bacteria that degrade oil at great depths in offshore waters have most likely evolved new pathways and enzyme by modifying existing ones.
What is enzyme?Proteins called enzymes serve as biological catalysts. Chemical reactions are accelerated by catalysts. Substrates are the molecules that enzymes can interact with, and the enzyme changes the substrates into other molecules known as products.Proteins called enzymes assist our bodies' chemical reactions move forward more quickly. Health issues might result from having too much or too little of a specific enzyme. Healthcare professionals can also use the enzymes in our blood to look for injuries and illnesses.A component known as an enzyme serves as a catalyst in living things, controlling the rate at which chemical processes take place without undergoing any personal change. All biological activities in living things involve chemical reactions, and enzymes regulate the majority of them.Learn more about enzyme here:
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Crocodiles that ignore birds cleaning their teeth instead of eating them is an example of __________. a. parental care b. habituation c. reflex action d. parasitism
The correct answer is Option (B) Habituation.
Crocodiles ignore the birds which clean their teeth instead of eating them. This is an example of habituation.
Why do crocodiles show habituation toward the birds which clean their teeth?It's an evolutionary phenomenon that when a bird used to sit in a crocodile’s mouth, the crocodile didn't eat it, instead, the crocodile used to allow the bird to sit in the mouth and clean the teeth of the crocodile so that they can alive longer, whereas the birds could get the free food from the crocodile’s mouth. It is an example of the symbiotic relationship between the two.
So, the same is the case today, crocodiles are habituated to the fact that the birds will clean their teeth so instead of eating them, these birds are being ignored by the crocodiles.
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Which of the following is an alternative energy source?
Owind
O geothermal
O solar
O all of the above
Acetyl coa is a feed forward activator of the enzyme ________ ensuring sufficient oxaloacetate for the citric acid cycle to continue.
Acetyl CoA is a feed forward activator of the enzyme pyruvate carboxylase ensuring sufficient oxaloacetate for the citric acid cycle to continue.
Why does acetyl-CoA stimulate pyruvate carboxylase?Acetyl-CoA selectively activates pyruvate carboxylase. When acetyl-CoA concentrations are high, organisms use pyruvate carboxylase to divert pyruvate from the TCA cycle because acetyl-CoA is a crucial metabolite in the TCA cycle that generates a lot of energy. The production of more oxaloacetate is triggered by an excess of mitochondrial acetyl-CoA.
Acetyl coenzyme A, often known as acetyl-CoA, is a crucial component in metabolism and is involved in numerous metabolic processes. Its major job is to transport the acetyl group's carbon atoms to the Krebs cycle, where they can be oxidized to produce energy. When there is an abundance of acetyl CoA available, the mitochondrial enzyme pyruvate carboxylase (PC) catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate.
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What is mixed-acid fermentation? how is methyl red used to determine if a microbe has undergone mixed-acid fermentation?
Mixed Acid Fermentation is a biological process by which a six carbon sugar is converted into complex mixture of acids. It is an example of anaerobic fermentation reaction which is commonly seen in bacteria.
The fermentation produces lactate, acetate, succinate, formate, ethanol, [tex]H_{2}[/tex] and [tex]CO_{2}[/tex] and their formation depends upon the presence of certain key enzymes in the bacterium.
The Methyl Red test is used in detecting occurring of mixed acid fermentation pathway when glucose is provided to microbes by using ph indicator. If the fermentation pathway has taken place, the mixture of acids will make the solution very acidic and causes red color change. The Methyl Red test belongs to the group called as IMViC tests.
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what can be stated for a particular element if only the group number of 14 is known
A. The element has 14 neutrons
B.the element has 4 valence electrons
C. The element has 4 electrons
D. The element has 14 protons
For a particular element if only the group number of 14 is known then the element has 4 valence electrons.
What is valence electron?Valence electron is defined as the number of electrons which an atom must lose or gain to attain the nearest noble gas or stable electronic configuration. “Electrons in the outermost shells that are not filled are called valence electrons”.
The valence electrons are termed as the part of the chemical reactions as they contain more energy as compared to the electrons present in inner orbits. Meanwhile, the number of valence electrons which present also helps us to determine a specific element’s chemical properties, such as its valence or valency, the formation of bonds with other elements.
Determination of valence electronOne of the most simple way to find valence electrons is
valance electron = group number (13-17) -10
For group number 14
valence electron = 14-10
= 4
Thus we find that the number of valance electron is 4.
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difference between mounting and staining
Answer:
Explanation:
As verbs the difference between mounting and staining is that mounting is while staining is . As an adjective mounting is that continues to mount; steadily accumulating. As a noun mounting is something mounted; an attachment.
There are various difference between mounting and staining:
a) Mounting is the last procedure in the series that ends with permanent histological preparation on the table and staining is done to increase the contrast between the organism and the background so that they are more easy to see under the microscope .
What are the techniques of mounting?
Mounting means placing specimens or sample on a glass slide to observe under the microscope .
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The procedure to remove waste products from the blood of the urinary problem caused by interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination is known as ____________________ bladder.
Urinary dysfunction in neurogenic bladder is brought on by disruption of the regular neural pathways that control urination.
What happens in neurogenic bladder?
When a brain, spinal cord, or nerve disorder impairs bladder control, it is known as neurogenic bladder. The bladder must coordinate with a number of muscles and nerves in order to store urine until you are ready to empty it. The muscles that control bladder emptying are communicated with by nerve signals from the brain. The muscles might not be able to contract or relax at the proper moment if these nerves are injured due to disease or trauma.Learn more about the Neurogenic bladder with the help of the given link:
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In the onpg and mug test for fecal coliforms, a sample that is positive for e. coli will be:_________.
In the ONPG and mug test for fecal coliforms, a sample that is positive for e. coliforms will be positive for ONPG; fluorescent in UV light
A colorimetric and spectrophotometric substrate for detecting -galactosidase activity is ortho-Nitrophenyl—galactoside (ONPG). Normally, this substance is colorless. On the other hand, if -galactosidase is present, it hydrolyzes the ONPG molecule into ortho-nitrophenol and galactose.
If the body has beta-galactosidase, it will split the beta-galactoside link and release the yellow chemical o-nitrophenol. This denotes a successful test. ☰ The test organism is collected from a medium with a high lactose concentration when using the disc method. The enzyme may break down ONPG, a lactose analog, to form the O-nitrophenol end product, which has a yellow tint. You must be sure to grow this organism on media rich in lactose because this enzyme can only be produced in the presence of the lactose substrate.
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The side of the epithelia facing the extracellular fluid surrounding the intestine is the_______________side
The side of the epithelia facing the extracellular fluid surrounding the intestine is the basolateral side.
Different amino acid transport mechanisms exist in the intestine basolateral membrane than in the brush border membrane. The portion of the plasma membrane at the basolateral side of the cell that confronts other cells and the connective tissue beneath is known as the basolateral cell membrane. The membrane at the cell's base and sides is referred to as basolateral. A barrier between the cell and the blood or other cells is created by the basolateral membrane. Through specialized protein transporters, the basolateral membrane's primary job is to move nutrients from the cell to the blood plasma.learn more about basolateral here: https://brainly.com/question/13340743
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Differentiation is a fundamental process in the development of multicellular organisms. Looking at the lecture notes online for this class, what is the specific model system that we will use as an example of differentiation?.
The specific model system that will be used as an example of differentiation in Dictyostelium discoideum.
What is Dictyostelium discoideum?Development of the Dictyostelium starts with the gathering of free-living amoebae, which quickly organize into a very straightforward creature with a few different cell types.In concerted cell type differentiation and morphogenesis, a fruiting body is ultimately produced that permits spore dissemination. Our understanding of fundamental developmental mechanisms is changing as a result of research into these processes.Due to the accessibility of biochemical and molecular genetics techniques, it has been possible to identify intricate signaling networks that are crucial for Dictyostelium growth and are also conserved in other organisms.cAMP levels in both intracellular and extracellular are crucial for controlling a variety of signal transduction pathways at every stage of Dictyostelium development.
Hence, Dictyostelium discoideum is used as an example.
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How did the articles of confederation compare to the constitution in regard to sovereignty?
States enjoyed greater autonomy under the Articles, whereas the Constitution granted some powers to the states.
What is articles of confederation?The 13 founding states of the United States of America came to an agreement known as the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, which functioned as the country's first system of governance. On November 15, 1777, the Second Continental Congress approved it following lengthy discussion and forwarded it to the states for ratification.In the Articles of Confederation, which served as the nation's first constitution, the confederacy of the former 13 colonies was referred to as "The United States of America."The 13 articles that made up the Articles of Confederation granted authority to a federal government headed by Congress.Following the United States' declaration of independence from Great Britain, the national government's functions were codified in the Articles of Confederation.The Continental Congress approved the Articles of Confederation on November 15, 1777. This text functioned as the first constitution of the United States. It lasted from March 1, 1781, until the current Constitution took effect in 1789.Learn more about the articles of confederation here:
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A model that describes the population of a fishery in which harvesting takes place at a constant rate is given by:_________
A model that describes the population of a fishery in which harvesting takes place at a constant rate is given by (dP/dt) = kP-h . In this k and h is positive constants.
The population growth model is based on the assumption that grows at rate of proportional to size of population . p is the population and k is relative growth rate. dp/dt is signal derived from pressure , typically ventricular blood pressure, indicated the change in pressure over time.
This model for population growth known as the logistic differential equation is dp/dt=kp. According to the population growth model that once population size exceeds available resources and population growth decrease dramatically.
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In what order does air inhaled through the nose travel, from superior to inferior?
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx in these order does air inhaled through the nose travel, from superior to inferior.
What is nasopharynx?Behind the nose, the top of the throat. The nasopharynx has a passageway leading into each ear on either side.The top section of the throat (pharynx), which is located behind the nose, is known as the nasopharynx. It is a box-shaped chamber with edges that are one and half inches wide. It is located just behind the nasal passages and above the soft palate, which is the soft portion of the roof of the mouth.A uncommon kind of cancer that affects the portion of the throat that connects the back of the nose to the back of the mouth is called nasopharyngeal carcinoma (the pharynx). Each year, 260 persons in the UK are given a nasopharyngeal cancer diagnosis.Nasopharynx's primary job is to join the remainder of your respiratory system to your nasal passageways. As a result, air can pass easily from your nose to your lungs. Nasopharynx is also beneficial: Maintain proper pressure between your middle ear and nasopharynx.
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The image shows a process called vegetative reproduction, in which a new plant grows from a part of another plant. Which statement is true about the offspring formed by this process?
The statement that is true regarding the offspring that is formed via vegetative reproduction is that the offsprings have are genetically identical to their parents.
What is vegetative reproduction?Vegetative reproduction is also called ase*ual reproduction and it is the form of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes.
Vegetative reproduction as the name implies does not make use of seeds for propagating plants, rather, it makes use of any vegetative part of the plant such as;
LeafStem cuttingsRootRhizomeIn vegetative reproduction, the new plant grows from a fragment or cutting of the parent plant or specialized reproductive structures, which are sometimes called vegetative propagules
However, the offsprings produced vegetatively are genetically similar or identical to their parent cell.
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Sudoriferous glands are under the control of the _____ nervous system and are located in the dermis
Sudoriferous Glands are under the control of the sympathetic nervous system and are located in the dermis.
Sudoriferous Glands are also called as sweat glands which are of two types Eccrine or Apocrine. These two reside within the dermis and consists of secretory cells and central lumen into which material is secreted.
The Sympathetic Nervous system is one of the three division of the Automatic Nervous System arises near the middle of the spinal cord in the intermediate nucleus .
Sudoriferous Gland are small tubular structures that is helpful in producing sweat. These are exocrine gland and produces sweat on epithelial surface through duct.
Eccrine are present everywhere except ear canal, prepuce, labia minora and smaller than apocrine and excrete directly onto the surface of the skin and its proportion decreases with the age.
Apocrine are found in the armpit, areola in the ear and the eyelids. the secretory portion is larger than the eccrine glands and secrete swear into the pilary canal of the hair follicle.
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Nekton are _______________, and benthos are _______________.
Nekton are aquatic animals, and benthos are benthic zone.
What about nekton and benthos?Animals like octopuses and squid make up molluscan nekton. Similar to shrimp, arthropod nekton are creatures.Plankton are plants or animals that float in the stream, whereas nekton are animals that can swim against water currents. Benthic organisms spend their time on, under, or close to the ocean floor's surface.Benthos, the group of creatures that live on the ocean floor. The so-called infauna dwell within the sediments of the seafloor, while benthic epifauna inhabit the seafloor or items at the bottom.Benthic creatures are those that dwell on the ocean floor. Invertebrates, which comprise the majority of these species, do not have backbones. Sea anemones, sponges, corals, sea stars, sea urchins, worms, bivalves, crabs, and many others are examples of common benthic invertebrates.
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Atp energizes other molecules in cells by transferring a(n) ________ to those molecules
Atp energizes other molecules in cells by transferring a phosphate groups to those molecules.
What about phosphate group?A functional group that has an atom of phosphorus linked to four atoms of oxygen (three single bonds and one double bond). If there isn't a link between one of these oxygen atoms and another atom, the structure is a phosphate ion.Proteins require phosphate groups to be activated in order to carry out specific tasks in cells. The process of phosphorylation, which involves the addition of a phosphate group, activates proteins. All living things phosphorylate proteins at some point.Bone and teeth are formed with the help of phosphate. Additionally, phosphorus is a component of a number of essential compounds, such as those that the cell uses for DNA, cell membranes, and energy (deoxyribonucleic acid). Phosphorus is a mineral that the body gets from food and excretes in urine and occasionally stooll.The part of the DNA double helix that gives the molecule's structure support is known as the phosphate backbone.Learn more about phosphorus group here:
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A paramecium absorbs materials frpm its environemtn and circulatst these materials throughut its cytoplasm. which life function is described by these activites?
A paramecium absorbs materials from its environment and circulates these materials throughout its cytoplasm. The life function that is described by these activities is that Food from cytoplasm is absorbed and used for energy and materials that are needed for growth.
All living organisms have assured characteristics that differentiate them from non-living forms. The basic processes of life include organization, metabolism, responsiveness, movements, and reproduction. In paramecium Cilia have important functions such as locomotion through the surrounding water and ingestion of food into the cytostome. The cilia responsible for the ingestion of food are mainly localized in the gullet, which is a funnel shaped depression of the cell surface.
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The atp required for continuous muscle contraction during endurance activities comes from?
The ATP required for continuous muscle contraction during endurance activities comes from anaerobic respiration and oxidative phosphorylation.
What is anaerobic respiration?The process of breakdown of substrate glucose in the absence of oxygen is called anaerobic respiration. This process primarily takes in some unicellular organisms.
In humans, during endurance activities, a continuous supply of ATP is required. The ATP reserves in muscles are very small. Thus, there is a requirement for metabolic pathways to maintain continuous ATP supply and resynthesis.
These pathways are phosphocreatine breakdown and muscle glycogen breakdown which enable anaerobic substrate level phosphorylation and aerobic phosphorylation.
Therefore, the ATP required for continuous muscle contraction during endurance activities comes from anaerobic respiration and oxidative phosphorylation.
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Approximately what percent of these products are recycled? aluminum: % steel: % copper: %
The percentage of these products which are recycled include the following:
50% Aluminum25 % steel60% copper.What is Recycling?This is defined as the process in which different types of waste are converted into usable materials through different processes and techniques.
Recycling is important as it helps to reduce incidences of pollution and wastage thereby improving the quality of living for humans and other organisms present on Earth. The percentage of aluminum, steel and copper products being recycled can be seen above.
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