The correct answer is E. Erythocytes.
ErythocytesA particular blood cell type that is produced in the bone marrow and is present in the blood. Hemoglobin, a protein found in erythrocytes, is responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body from the lungs. A complete blood cell (CBC) test often includes checking the erythrocyte count in the patient's blood. It could be used to check for diseases like leukemia, dehydration, malnutrition, and anemia. also known as an RBC or a red blood cell with Erythocytes. Your body's tissues receive oxygen from red blood cells, also referred to as erythrocytes. Your tissues release carbon dioxide as oxygen is converted to energy. In order for you to exhale carbon dioxide, your red blood cells also carry it to your lungs.
Which of the following cell lines might be elevated in a patient exposed to prions?
A. Plasma cells
B. Macrophages
C. T-cells
D. Monocytes
E. Erythocytes
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What is the effect of each of the 4 types of inhibitors on the initial rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction?
They are competitive inhibition, non-competitive inhibition, uncompetitive inhibition, and mixed inhibition are the 4 types of enzyme inhibition.
competitive inhibition: The enzyme's active site is occupied by a molecule other than the substrate, which results in competitive inhibition. The substrate and the inhibitor (molecule) are structurally and chemically related (hence able to bind to the active site). The competitive inhibitor blocks the active site to prevent substrate binding.In non-competitive inhibition, a substance binds to a site different from the active site (an allosteric site). The enzyme's active site changes structurally when the inhibitor binds to the allosteric site. This modification alters the affinity between the active site and substrate, prohibiting substrate binding. In non-competitive inhibition, the inhibitor only binds to the substrate-enzyme complex.Uncompetitive inhibition is frequent in reactions involving two or more substrates or products.Mixed inhibition: When an inhibitor binds both the enzyme by itself and the enzyme-substrate complex, mixed inhibition occurs. According to this scenario, the inhibitor may bind the enzyme by itself 60% of the time and the enzyme-substrate complex 40% of the time.learn more about enzyme inhibition here: https://brainly.com/question/14944549
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Sympathetic stimulation results in what effects in the kidney?
Renal vascular resistance, renin release, and tubular salt reabsorption are all increased when sympathetic nerves to the kidney are active.
Sympathetic stimulation :The sympathetic nervous system alters the cardiac output, peripheral vascular resistance, and renal function, all of which play significant roles in controlling arterial pressure under various circumstances. The system has a role in the pathogenesis of chronic arterial hypertension and is capable of significant acute pressor effects. Because of its limitless capacity to restore altered arterial pressure to its original level by increasing or decreasing water and electrolyte excretion in response to elevated or decreased systemic arterial pressure, the renal volume/pressure control system is regarded as dominating physiological long-term arterial pressure regulation.
Renal vascular resistance, renin release, and tubular salt reabsorption are all increased when sympathetic nerves to the kidney are active. By reversing the pressure-natriuresis curve, these acts contribute to long-term increases in arterial pressure. Renal sensory receptors provide signals that are transmitted by renal afferent neurons to the efferent sympathetic nervous system, which has an impact on the control of arterial pressure. The current paper's goal is to examine recent research that shows how the sympathetic nervous system and the kidneys interact in the pathophysiology of both experimental and real-world arterial hypertension.
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In a separate location, take notes from the sources you have identified. The notes will provide details for your presentation. While taking notes from texts and websites, use these reading strategies. In the space provided, write four pieces of information that you intend to use in your presentation.
When taking notes from texts and websites, or other sources, it is important that they are factual and accurate.
What is a Presentation?This refers to the use of tools, words, diagrams, etc to present an idea or topic to a group of people.
This makes use of persuasive speech to convince them so they would buy into your idea and also things like:
PowerPoint ProjectorSlides are also used when making presentations.This goes without saying that when making a presentation, it is important to have a clear purpose and the major purposes of giving a presentation are:
to give information, to persuade the audience to act to create goodwill, etcHence, we can see that your question is incomplete so I gave you a general overview of the given topic to give you a better understanding of the concept.
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Both adult and embryonic stem cells have the potential to be used for medical treatment. Evaluate the potential use of adult and embryonic stem cells as medical treatments. You must contain a justified conclusion
Stem cells are the body's raw materials — cells from which all other cells with specialized functions are generated. Under the right conditions in the body or a laboratory, stem cells divide to form more cells called daughter cells.Research carried out with the use of these cells has demonstrated their effectiveness in the treatment of various diseases, such as leukemia, heart disease and hematological diseases. Embryonic stem cells, in turn, have the ability to form any tissue in the body.
How are embryonic stem cells used?Stem cells have the ability to differentiate and self-renew. For this reason, they can be used in the treatment of degenerative diseases. Stem cells stand out for their ability to transform into different cell types, that is, they are cells with a great capacity for differentiation.
What diseases could be treated with the use of Embryonic Stem Cells?Diseases that can be treated with stem cellsleukemias. Leukemia is a generic term used to describe the “cancer” of leukocytes, the white blood cells. Thalassemias. Neuroblastoma.Primary immunodeficiencies.Sideroblastic anemia. Metabolic diseases. Sickle cell anemia.With this information, we can conclude that Scientists are also working on ways to develop stem cells from other cells, using genetic “reprogramming” techniques.
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Both adult and embryonic stem cells have the potential to be used for medical treatment because adult stem cells are also found in a undifferentiated state.
What are embryonic stem cells?The embryonic stem cells are specific non-specialized cells found in the blastocyst (embryo state) which can be stimulated to generate virtually any tissue.
Moreover, adult stem cells are nonspecialized cells found after the postnatal period which can be stimulated to divide and produce any tissue (similarly to embryonic stem cells).
In conclusion, both adult and embryonic stem cells have the potential to be used for medical treatment because adult stem cells are also found in a undifferentiated state.
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Part B
Many rain forest plants are prone to developing fungal infections on their leaves. Fungi can grow rapidly in moist environments, and a serious infection can kill plants. One rain forest plant species has a genetic variation that affects its leaf structure. The traits and the descriptions of the plant’s leaves are listed in the chart.
Description
Trait A: medium-tip leaves Leaves are narrower toward the tips, but don't come to a full point. Most of the water drains from the leaves.
Trait B: drip-tip leaves Leaves come to a sharp point, leading to thorough water drainage from the leaves.
Trait C: wide-tip leaves Water runs onto the leaves and tends to pool in pockets at the tips.
During natural selection, organisms with harmful traits are less likely to successfully reproduce than organisms with beneficial traits. Neutral traits don’t improve or hurt an organism’s chances for survival. So, they tend to persist in populations when environmental conditions are stable. If the environment changes, neutral traits could become harmful or beneficial depending on the situation.
In year 1, a population of rain forest plants has the following distribution: 50% have medium-tip leaves, 25% have wide-tip leaves, and 25% have drip-tip leaves. You will simulate three years of this population: year 1, year 5, and year 10. How will the trait distribution most likely change over this time?
The trait distribution most likely change over this time such that the plants with favorable traits, medium-tip leaves and drip-tip leaves will survive due to natural selection.
What is natural selection?Natural selection is the process by which organisms which are better suited to their environment survive whereas those not suited die off.
The organisms that are suited to their environment possess special features which enable them to adapt to changes in their environment.
Considering the plants in the rainforest with different leaf tips:
Trait A: medium-tip leavesTrait B: drip-tip leavesTrait C: wide-tip leavesSince fungi grow in moist environments, it can be seen that plants with Trait C will be least favored to survive, while plants with Trait B will be most favored to survive by natural selection.
Thus;
In year 1: the composition of plants is 50% have medium-tip leaves, 25% have wide-tip leaves, and 25% have drip-tip leaves.In year 5: the composition of plants is 50% have medium-tip leaves, 25% have wide-tip leaves, and 0 % have drip-tip leavesIn year 10: the composition of plants is 25% have medium-tip leaves, 75% have wide-tip leaves, and 0% have drip-tip leaves.In conclusion, plants with favorable traits will survive due to natural selection.
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Why does a coastal area have less variation in temperature than a noncoastal area?
• Temperatures feel cool all year round due to the duration of daylight.
• Temperatures change from warm to cool depending on the season.
• The temperatures on land change more rapidly than temperatures on water.
O The air is warm because warm water moves from the equator to the poles.
The temperatures on land change more rapidly than temperatures on water.
1-The air above sand warms up and rises during the day because the land heats up more quickly than the sea, while the cool air above the water travels towards the land to take its place.
2- During the night, the land cools more quickly than the sea, which causes hot air above the sea to rise and be replaced by cool air above the land. Therefore, the temperature on land changes more quickly than temperature on water
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Which of the following correctly describes the process of Translation?
I. tRNA anticodon bonds to mRNA codon
II. Ribosome bonds to mRNA strand
III. Ribosome reaches a STOP codon and detaches from the mRNA
IV. Each tRNA adds an Amino Acid to the chain as the Ribosome moves along the mRNA
V. Complimentary mRNA strand is made from DNA template
A. V, II, I, IV, III
B. II, I, IV, III
C. V, I, IV, III
D. II, IV, III, I, V
The correct option is B- II,I,IV,III represents the process of translation and V represents the process of transcription.
II. Ribosome bonds to mRNA strand
I. tRNA anticodon bonds to mRNA codon
IV. Each tRNA adds an Amino Acid to the chain as the Ribosome moves along the mRNA
III. Ribosome reaches a STOP codon and detaches from the mRNA
What is transcription and translation?Transcription is the name given to the formation of RNA from a strand of DNA, with the “copy” of the information contained in the DNA to the RNA. This process is extremely important, as the information transcribed to the RNA molecule is translated into the formation of proteins.
Protein synthesis (translation) takes place in the cytoplasm and consists of reading the mRNA. The process involves three steps known as: initiation, elongation and termination. Synthesis begins (initiation step) when the smaller subunit of a ribosome and a specific tRNA associate with an mRNA.
With this information, we can conclude that Transcription is the formation of RNA from a strand of DNA, with the “copying” of the information contained in the DNA to the RNA.
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There are approximately 4 to 11 ____________ white blood cells per microliter of blood.
There are approximately 4,500 to 11,000 WBCs white blood cells per microliter of blood.
The immune system of the body includes white blood cells. They support the body's defenses against illness and infection.Granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils), monocytes, and lymphocytes are different types of white blood cells (T cells and B cells).Blood typically contains 4,500 to 11,000 WBCs per microliter (4.5 to 11.0 109/L), or WBCs. Different labs may have slightly different normal value ranges. Some laboratories may test various specimens or utilize various metrics. Discuss your test results with your provider.Too many white blood cells typically indicate an infection or inflammatory condition within the body. A high white blood cell count may, less frequently, be a sign of some blood malignancies or bone marrow issues.learn more about white blood cells here: https://brainly.com/question/87658
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Taylor munandi's obstetrician advised her not to change her cat's litter box because handling animal feces places her at risk of which condition?
Taylor Munandi's obstetrician advised her not to change her cat's litter box because handling animal feces puts her at risk of developing toxoplasmosis, which is caused by a microscopic parasite called Toxoplasma gondii and transmitted through cat feces.
What can toxoplasmosis cause in the baby?Toxoplasmosis is caused by a parasite that lives and multiplies in cats. The fetus can be born prematurely, and a newborn can have problems such as a small head or an enlarged liver. Blood and other fluid tests may be done to detect the infection in the fetus, newborn, or mother.
Can someone who has toxoplasmosis in pregnancy have a normal delivery?It is not transmitted in childbirth, but in utero. The transmission of toxoplasmosis from mother to child takes place via the placenta and does not depend on the type of delivery chosen. Talk to her obstetrician to closely monitor this pregnancy.
With this information, we can conclude that Toxoplasmosis, popularly known as cat disease, is an infectious disease caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), found in cat feces, water or undercooked meat such as pork or lamb, contaminated with the parasite.
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sciencebiologybiology questions and answersin silkmoths (bombyx mori), red eyes (re) and white-banded wings (wb) are encoded by two mutant alleles that are recessive to those that produce wild-type traits (re+and wb+); these two genes are on the same chromosome. a moth homozygous for red eyes and white-banded wings is crossed with a moth homozygous for the wild-type traits. the f1 have normal eyes
Question: In Silkmoths (Bombyx Mori), Red Eyes (Re) And White-Banded Wings (Wb) Are Encoded By Two Mutant Alleles That Are Recessive To Those That Produce Wild-Type Traits (Re+And Wb+); These Two Genes Are On The Same Chromosome. A Moth Homozygous For Red Eyes And White-Banded Wings Is Crossed With A Moth Homozygous For The Wild-Type Traits. The F1 Have Normal Eyes
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In silkmoths (Bombyx mori), red eyes (re) and white-banded wings (wb) are encoded by two mutant alleles that are recessive to those that produce wild-type traits (re+and wb+); these two genes are on the same chromosome. A moth homozygous for red eyes and white-banded wings is crossed with a moth homozygous for the wild-type traits. The F1 have normal eyes and normal wings. The F1 are crossed with moths that have red eyes and white-banded wings in a testcross. The progeny of this testcross are
wild-type eyes, wild-type wings
418
red eyes, wild-type wings
19
wild-type eyes, white-banded wings
16
red eyes, white-banded wings
426
a. What phenotypic proportions would be expected if the genes for red eyes and for white-banded wings were located on different chromosomes?
b. What is the rate of recombination between the genes for red eyes and those for white-banded wings
The phenotypic proportions which would be expected if the genes for red eyes and for white-banded wings were located on different chromosomes are:
(a)
1⁄4 wild-type eyes, wild-type wings1⁄4 red eyes, wild-type wings1⁄4 wild-type eyes, white-banded wings1⁄4 red eyes, white-banded wingsWhat is the distance and rate of recombination?The distance between the genes is four map units.
The rate of recombination between the genes for red eyes and those for white-banded wings is 4%.
(b)
The F1 heterozygote inherited a chromosome with alleles for red eyes and white-banded wings (re wb) from one parent and a chromosome with alleles for wild-type eyes and wild-type wings (re+ wb+) from the other parent. These are therefore the phenotypes of the nonrecombinant progeny, present in the highest numbers. The recombinants are the 19 with red eyes, wild-type wings and 16 with wild-type eyes, and white-banded wings.
RF = recombinants/total progeny × 100% = (19 + 16)/879 × 100% = 4.0%
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In a tube of media, what type of microorganism would you expect to find at the very bottom of the media?
In a tube of media, Obligate anaerobes would be found at the very bottom of the media.
These microbes are poisoned by oxygen, so they gather at the bottom of the tube where the oxygen concentration is lowest.
Obligate anaerobes do not possess the defenses that make aerobic life possible and therefore cannot survive in air. The excited singlet oxygen molecule is very reactive. Therefore, superoxide must be removed for the cells to survive in the presence of oxygen.
Microaerophiles will grow in a thin layer below the richly-oxygenated layers.
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How many atp molecules are consumed in the hexose stage of glycolysis for every one molecule of glucose?
Three ATP molecules are consumed in the hexose stage of glycolysis for every one molecule of glucose.
What is glycolysis?The metabolic process that turns glucose into pyruvic acid is known as glycolysis. The high-energy molecules adenosine triphosphate and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide are created using the free energy released during this process. A series of ten enzyme-catalyzed processes make up glycolysis.The process by which glucose is broken down to provide energy is known as glycolysis. There is no need for oxygen throughout the process, which occurs in the cytoplasm of a cell. Both aerobic and anaerobic creatures experience it.The initial process in breaking down glucose to release energy for cellular metabolism is called glycolysis. An energy-consuming phase and an energy-releasing phase make up glycolysis.Learn more about glycolysis here:
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What age group has a larger volume of extracellular fluid than intracellular fluid?
The Infants group has a larger volume of extracellular fluid (ECF) than intracellular fluid.The bodily fluid that exists outside of the cells of a multicellular creature is referred to as extracellular fluid (ECF).
Women and obese people often have a lower percentage of total body water than lean men, which is roughly 60% (range 45 to 75% of total body weight) in healthy adults. About one-third of the body's fluid is extracellular fluid, while the other two-thirds is the intracellular fluid found inside the cells. The fluid that surrounds cells, called interstitial fluid, makes up the majority of extracellular fluid.
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please i need help!!!
Answer:
the answer is d
Explanation:
photosynthesis is a process in plants to produce o2 and energy rich compounds
What are possible advantages for self-pollination to have evolved in a flowering plant species? select all that apply.
All the options are correct: The advantages of self - pollination include;
the plant species can survive in areas where animal pollinators are absent, the plant species tends to produce offspring that are more uniform compared to offspring resulting from outcrossing and less energy can be spent on attracting pollinator.What is pollination?Pollination is the transfer of pollen from an anther of a plant to the stigma of a plant, later enabling fertilization and the production of seeds, most often by an animal or by wind.
There are two main types of pollination:
Self pollinationCross pollinationWhat is self pollination?Self-pollination is a form of pollination in which pollen from the same plant arrives at the stigma of a flower or at the ovule.
Advantages of self pollination;The plant species can survive in areas where animal pollinators are absent.The plant species tends to produce offspring that are more uniform compared to offspring resulting from outcrossing.Less energy can be spent on attracting pollinator.Thus, the possible advantages for self-pollination to have evolved in a flowering plant species are; the plant species can survive in areas where animal pollinators are absent and less energy can be spent on attracting pollinator.
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The complete question is below:
What are possible advantages for self-pollination to have evolved in a flowering plant species? select all that apply.
-The plant species can survive in areas where animal pollinators are absent.
-The plant species tends to produce offspring that are more uniform compared to offspring resulting from outcrossing.
-Less energy can be spent on attracting pollinator.
What substances directly controls the reaborbtion of water in the collecting duct?
Antidiuretic hormone also known as Vasopressin directly controls the reabsorption of water in the collecting duct.
What do you mean by the Collecting duct?The collecting duct system is the important and final component of the kidney that influences the electrolyte and fluid balance in the body.The collecting duct system is under the control of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). The collecting duct becomes permeable to water due to the presence of ADH. The collecting duct system also help in the regulation of other electrolytes like chloride, potassium, hydrogen ions, and bicarbonate.Antidiuretic hormone helps the kidneys to control the amount of water and salt in the body which in turn helps to control the blood pressure and the amount of urine formed.
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The town of Seaside needs to build a new power plant. The old coal burning plant produces too much pollution and is no longer safe. The mayor decides that he will do some research on alternative forms of energy like nuclear power plants and solar power plants.
What types of resources should the mayor use to conduct his research?
Why would these be considered reliable source of information?
What types of resources are reliable?
How can the mayor use what is learned to make the best decision for the town?
The mayor must depend on scientific articles and journals as the source documents for the research.
What is carbon emission?In most countries, there have been a serious commitment to reduce the rate of carbon emissions. This is because, carbon emission is one of the main catalysts for climate change and global warming. The temperatures of the earth have been rising steadily due to the emitting of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
The mayor would need to conduct his research using members of the academia and he has to depend on scientific articles and journals as the source documents for the research. The are reliable sources of information because they were authored by experts in the field who are authorities in that line of research.
After the research, the mayor must analyze the data and carry out an environmental impact assessment before carrying out any of the courses of action.
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Consider an animal cell that has eight chromosomes (four pairs of homologous chromosomes) in g1 phase. this cell has ________ sister chromatids and _________ centrioles
Consider an animal cell that has eight chromosomes (four pairs of homologous chromosomes) in g1 phase. this cell has 16 sister chromatids and 4 centrioles.
What is chromosomes?A chromosome is a lengthy DNA molecule that contains all or a portion of an organism's genetic code. Histones, which serve as packing proteins for the majority of eukaryotic chromosomes, work with chaperone proteins to attach to and condense the DNA molecule in order to preserve the integrity of the molecule.A component that can be found in a cell's nucleus. There are typically 23 pairs of chromosomes in each cell.Long segments of DNA are carried by chromosomes, which are organelles that can be found in the nucleus of cells. It serves as the foundation for the human body. Additionally, proteins found in chromosomes aid in the appropriate structure of DNA.Human anatomy is created and maintained by your DNA. Genes are sections of your DNA that give you the physical traits that set you apart from others.
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What is the overall incidence rate of listeriosis in the united states (assume a population of 315,505,000 and express your answer per 1,000,000 in the population)?
Based on active surveillance in 10 Food Net sites, the annual incidence of laboratory-confirmed listeriosis in the United States is approximately 0.24 cases per 100,000 people. 0.2 cases per 100,000 people is the U.S. Healthy People 2020external icon target for listeriosis.
The infection known as listeriosis is brought on by Listeria monocytogenes. Eating foods contaminated with the bacteria causes infection in humans. Listeria can infect the bloodstream, spinal cord membranes, brain, and many other areas of the body.According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, over 1,600 Americans contract listeriosis year, and approximately 260 of them pass away. A total of 1,500 of the roughly 1,600 people who contract the disease each year will be hospitalized, according to the 94% hospitalization rate.learn more about listeriosis here:
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The prevalence of the allele for sickle cell anemia in some populations is an example of?
"Balanced polymorphism" is demonstrated by the frequency of the trait for sickle cell anemia in various groups.
Why sickle cell anemia is called a Balanced polymorphism?
When individuals who possess two sets of the normal form gene have no benefit over heterozygous individuals, an illness might continue to be widespread. Balanced polymorphism would be at play when carriers have benefits that enable a harmful allele to survive in a community. This kind of polymorphism frequently involves heterozygosity for a hereditary disease that confers resistance to an infectious disease.
Sickle Cell Disorder
Anemia, joint discomfort, a huge spleen, and frequent, serious infections are all symptoms of the autosomal recessive illness sickle cell disease. Because carriers are immune to malaria, a parasitic ailment caused by Plasmodium falciparum that induces periods of cold and temperature, it serves as an example of balanced polymorphism.
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A function of protein is to help maintain fluid distribution within the body by?
Function of protein is to help maintain fluid distribution within the body by Attracting water into compartments where it is needed.
Protein function by attracting water into the compartments with the help of Aquaporins.
Aquaporins regulate the flow of water into and out of the cells. For the proteins that float freely in a cell, the attraction is dependent on the arrangement of water molecules.
Aquaporins are integral membrane proteins serving as a channel for water transfer. They are present in the biological membranes. They form water channels and allows movement of water.
Proteins are water loving i.e. hydrophilic.
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In quiescent cells, early endosomes containing aav2 would most likely move toward?
In a quiescent cell i.e. a non-dividing cell, Early endosomes containing AAV2 would most likely to move towards Centriole.
AAV2 is a non-envoloped virus.
Centrioles are the site of origination of microtubules which radiates outwards. They are non-membrane bound organelles found only in the animal cell. Microtubules are involved in different types of movement in the cell and are involved in the cell division by forming mitotic spindles. Microtubules facilitate the movement of the different organelles and vesicles in the cell.
For example, endosomes.
The Microtubules that are involved in the Intracellular movement i.e. movement inside the cell only, originate near the nucleus called Centrioles.
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After drying off a newborn he has a weak cry and poor muscle tone. what should you do?
We can give a blow by oxygen, so that babies can exchange air and the supplemental oxygen will during post birth.
What is Apgar test?
Baby's first cry will give a signal that his lungs work properly or not.
Similarly, hypotonia is condition of low muscle tone of baby after birth, and the symptoms include limp in arms.
These conditions can be diagnosed by Apgar test consist up one minute test and five minute test, tells about the entire birthing journey of a baby .
In this test, baby's color, respiratory effort, heart rate, muscle tone are detected and the maximum total score is ten, if baby get a score between 4 and 4, need assistance for breathing.
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Antimicrobials effective against a wide variety of microbial types are termed?
Antimicrobials effective against a wide variety of microbial types are termed as broad-spectrum drugs.
What are Antimicrobials?These refers to substances which kill or inhibit the growth of microbes such as bacteria, protozoa etc.
These type of drugs ensure their metabolism is altered thereby leading to their death. Those who are effective against a small variety are termed as narrow spectrum drugs while those who are effective against a wide variety of microbial types are broad-spectrum drugs.
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You are working with a research group and discover fossils of large animal. Upon close examination, it looks to be a mammal and an ancestor to the modern tiger, that you temporarily name 'Species X' until you learn more about it. Using your knowledge of the fossil record, you attempt to determine its relative age. You know that ______ evolved before species X, ______ had already evolved and gone extinct before species X evolved, and ______ did not evolve until after species X went extinct.
A. Winged insects, Dinosaurs, Humans
B. Humans, Dinosaurs, Flowering plants
C. Dinosaurs, Invertebrates, Land plants
D. Trilobites, Reptiles, Birds
Due often to excess sweating, diarrhea, or vomiting, ____________ causes the cell membrane to be hyperpolarized due to increased concentration gradients
Due often to excess sweating, diarrhea, or vomiting, hypokalemia causes the cell membrane to be hyperpolarized due to increased concentration gradients.
What is hypokalemia?The cell membrane is a biological membrane that shields the cell from its surroundings and keeps the interior of all cells isolated from the outside world.A cell membrane, often referred to as a plasma membrane, is present in every cell and serves as a barrier between the interior of the cell and the outside world.A semipermeable lipid bilayer makes up the cell membrane. The cell membrane controls the flow of substances into and out of the cell.Cell membrane refers to the cell's outermost body. Both plants and animals have it. This membrane is alive, fragile, and thin. A very small number of molecules can pass through the cell membrane, which is a semi-permeable membrane.The cytoplasm, which is the material positioned between the membrane and the nucleus of a cell, is enclosed by a thin layer known as the cell membrane. It lets good things get through while preventing bad ones. The fundamental structural component of all living things is the cell.
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What hormones does the body produce to prepare the body for quick physical action?
Adrenaline and noradrenaline hormones the body produce to prepare the body for quick physical action.The primary function of adrenaline also known as epinephrine and noradrenaline, two hormones secreted by the adrenal glands, is to get the body prepared for a "fight or flight" reaction under pressure.
The main effects of adrenaline include speeding up breathing, raising blood pressure, widening the pupil of the eye, lessening pain sensitivity, improving vision, hearing, and other senses, slowing digestion, rerouting blood to the muscles, and changing the body's metabolism to maximise oxygen and nutrients to the body and raise blood glucose levels (primarily for the brain).
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Describe the structure and function of mirna, snrna, and lncrna, which represent the three major types of noncoding rnas. What are four mechanisms by which lncrna molecules are thought to regulate cellular processes?.
Structure and function of miRNA:
A microRNA (abbreviated miRNA) is a small single-stranded non-coding RNA molecule, containing about 22 nucleotides found in plants, animals and some viruses, that functions in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. miRNAs function via base-pairing with complementary sequences within mRNA molecules. As a result, these mRNA molecules are silenced, by one or more of the following processes: cleavage of the mRNA strand into two pieces, destabilization of the mRNA through shortening of its poly(A) tail, and less efficient translation of the mRNA into proteins by ribosomes.Structure and function of snRNA:
Small nuclear RNA (snRNA) is a class of small RNA molecules that are found within the splicing speckles and Cajal bodies of the cell nucleus in eukaryotic cells. The length of an average snRNA is approximately 150 nucleotides. They are transcribed by either RNA polymerase II or RNA polymerase III.Their primary function is in the processing of pre-messenger RNA (hnRNA) in the nucleus. They have also been shown to aid in the regulation of transcription factors (7SK RNA) or RNA polymerase II (B2 RNA), and maintaining the telomeres. snRNA are always associated with a set of specific proteins, and the complexes are referred to as small nuclear ribonucleoproteins, snRNP, often pronounced "snurps". Each snRNP particle is composed of a snRNA component and several snRNP-specific proteins.Structure and function of lncRNA?
Long non-coding RNAs (long ncRNAs, lncRNA) are a type of RNA, generally defined as transcripts more than 200 nucleotides that are not translated into protein. This arbitrary limit distinguishes long ncRNAs from small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), and other short RNAs. Long intervening/intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) are sequences of lncRNA which do not overlap protein-coding genes.Four mechanisms by which lncRNAs molecules are thought to regulate cellular processes are:
The majority of lncRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II, as evidenced by PoI-I occupancy, 5‘ caps, histone modifications associated with Pol-II transcriptional elongation, and polyadenylation.lncRNAs play a key regulatory role in the p53 transcriptional response. One of the direct p53 targets in response to DNA damage, a lncRNA called linc-p21 located upstream of CDKN1A gene, was found to act as a transcriptional repressor in the canonical p53 pathway and to play a role in triggering apoptosis. p53 regulates linc-p21 by directly inducing its expression, likely through direct binding to the linc-p21 promoter, while reduction of lincRNA-p21 increases expression of numerous p53-repressed transcripts.Pluripotency-associated lincRNAs were initially discovered in mouse embryonic stem cells. Somatic cell reprogramming to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is accompanied by enriched expression of large intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs).The phenomenon of combinatorial transcriptional regulation by lncRNAs is also found in plants. The transition from vegetative to reproductive development is a highly regulated process that, in many plant species, is sensitive to environmental cues that provide seasonal information to initiate flowering during optimal times of the year.To learn more about lncRNA:
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X-gal is included in the growth medium on which cells transformed with bacterial plasmids are grown. The reason x-gal is included is to _______.
Answer:
gg
Explanation:
X-GAL is included in order to True An enzyme that cuts between the third and fourth bases from the 5′ end of a six base DNA sequence will result in blunt ends.
What are Bacterial Plasmids?Plasmids are the little DNA rings that your bacterial self was stealing. Plasmids are specifically non-essential, extrachromosomal DNA fragments. What does that exactly mean? A plasmid is a brief, typically circular, double-stranded DNA fragment that is located outside of the main bacterial chromosome in the b.
Between 5 to 100 genes that are not necessary for the survival of the bacteria are typically found in plasmids. The primary bacterial chromosome contains the genes necessary for healthy cell structure, metabolism, and growth. The bacterium would still be able to survive even if all of the plasmids were taken out as long as it is flourishing in a low-stress environment.
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Which clinical characteristic is associated with type 2 diabetes (previously referred to as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus)?
Blood glucose can be controlled through diet and exercise is the clinical characteristic associated with type 2 diabetes (previously referred to as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus).
A variety of dysfunctions associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus include hyperglycemia and are brought on by a combination of insulin resistance, insufficient insulin secretion, and excessive or incorrect glucagon secretion. The pathogenic pathways that lead to the development of diabetes are numerous.
Diabetes' impairments in protein, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism are caused by inadequate insulin action on target tissues. Insulin secretion and action deficiencies sometimes occur in the same patient, and it is frequently difficult to determine which aberration, if either alone, is the main contributor to the hyperglycemia.
Therefore,Blood glucose can be controlled through diet and exercise is the clinical characteristic associated with type 2 diabetes (previously referred to as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus).
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