The smallest possible amount of free charge that has been discovered is 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ Coulomb.
The smallest possible free charge that has been discovered is the charge on one electron which is 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ C.
Charge is defined as a physical property that causes matter to experience a force within an electromagnetic field. The nature of Electric charges may be positive or negative. If no net electric charge is present in the matter, the matter is considered to be neutral or uncharged.
A coulomb (C) is defined as the the standard unit of electric charge in the International System of Units (SI).
Hence, option B is correct.
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Help please!!!
Question : Why do metals tend to form cations and nonmetals tend to form anions?
Nonmetals have a tendency to gain electrons and form negative ions, they tend to form anions while metals lose electrons and form positive ions, they tend to form cations.
How are electrons lost and gained?Metals tend to form cations because they have a tendency to lose electrons and form positive ions. This is because metals have relatively low electronegativities, which means they are less likely to attract electrons to themselves. The outermost energy level of metals typically contains electrons that are far apart from the nucleus and not strongly held. This makes it easier for the metal atoms to lose electrons and form positive ions.
On the other hand, nonmetals tend to form anions because they have a tendency to gain electrons and form negative ions. This is because nonmetals have relatively high electronegativities, which means they are more likely to attract electrons to themselves. Nonmetal atoms often have incomplete outer energy levels, and they tend to gain electrons to fill these energy levels. This makes it easier for the nonmetals to form negative ions.
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What is the degree of freedom ?
a) ethanol, water and ice mixture
b) partially decomposed NH4Cl
5. Calculate the number of moles of gas in a 3.24 L basketball inflated to a total pressure of 25.1 psi at 25°C. What is the total pressure (in psi) of gas in this basketball if the temperature is changed to 0°C?
Answer:
The number of moles of gas in a 3.24 L container at a pressure of 25.1 psi and a temperature of 25°C can be calculated using the ideal gas law, PV = nRT.
P = pressure in atm, V = volume in L, n = number of moles, R = the ideal gas constant (0.0821 Latm/molK), and T = temperature in Kelvins.
So, n = (PV)/(RT) = (25.1 psi x 3.24 L) / (0.0821 Latm/molK x (273.15 + 25)) = 0.00505 moles.
We can use the ideal gas law again to find the total gas pressure in the basketball if the temperature changes to 0°C.
P1V1=P2V2
Where P1, V1 = initial pressure and volume, and P2, V2 = final pressure and volume
Since volume V2 is constant and can be assumed same as V1 , we can say P2=P1(T1/T2)
P2= 25.1 psi * (25 + 273.15) / (273.15 + 0) = 25.1 psi * 298.15 / 273.15 = 27.95 psi.
Explanation:
use this answer to explain the number of decimal places allowed in a volume measire with a 25ml buret
After the water is delivered, stop the flask to stop the water from evaporating before the mass of the water can be calculated. To the nearest 0.1 mg, weigh the 25 mL of water in the stoppered flask. A minimum of three repetitions should be used to calibrate. Calibration should be done independently by each lab partner.
How do you calibrate a 25 mL volumetric flask?A 25 mL pipette needs to be calibrated. By adding deionized water above the mark and letting it drain, you can make sure the pipette is clean. On the side walls, there shouldn't be any water traces. It is clear that your pipette is unclean if there are such drips present. It is necessary to clean your pipette if it is unclean. Before thoroughly cleaning with deionized water, rinse with soapy water first. After cleaning, if the pipette is still filthy, take it to the pharmacy to be exchanged for a new one.When using a pipette, remember these crucial pointers:Fill it well past the mark but keep the bulb from going inside when you add it. You'll have the most time to use your finger to seal the bulb after doing so.Remove the bulb from the pipette as soon as it is full, then use your finger to swiftly halt the water flow (index finger or thumb work best for most people). To drain a small amount of water until the meniscus just touches the line, use a twisting or rocking motion.Attempt not to force the bulb too firmly onto the pipette. There is only a seal to be made, and this only requires a small amount of overlap. You can transfer data with your finger more easily as a result.Your pipette is a transfer pipette, which means that it is calibrated "to deliver" (TD) rather than "to contain" (TC). Under normal circumstances, a TD pipette's tip shouldn't have any liquid left in it.The temperature of the water can be altered via the pipette's walls with just the heat from your fingertips. Because of this, avoid making direct contact with the pipette below the water line.To Learn more About stoppered flask Refer To:
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These building bricks are in the same container. What type of matter would it represent?
A. a mixture consisting of two compounds
B. a mixture consisting of two elements
C. a compound
D. a mixture of an element and a compound
The container's building bricks are a type of material known as a mixture since it consists of two different components.
What is being displayed?A mixture of two chemicals would be the kind of substance represented in the diagram. This is so because the first brick is made of two separate elements, one of which is yellow and the other of which is black. The other block has a red and blue color scheme to indicate that it is also a composite made up of two separate elements.
What are combinations and substances?Chemical reactions between two or more elements can result in the formation of compounds. Physical mixing of two or more substances results in the formation of mixtures. 2. Types. Three categories of compounds are possible.
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You have accidentally broken a test tube and spilled a chemical on the table. Which of the following best explains what you should do FIRST? (Circle one.)
a. Use water and paper towels to clean up the spill; place the broken test tube in the disposal container specified for sharp objects.
b. Throw the glass into the nearest trash bin and let the spill air-dry.
c. Quickly dispose of the glass, wipe up the spill with the nearest cloth, and hope nobody notices.
d. Caution your lab partners to avoid the area while you inform the teacher of the small accident.
Option (d) is correct. According to the lab safety guidelines, if you accidentally broke a test tube and spilled a chemical on the table you should caution your lab partners to avoid the area while you inform the teacher of the small accident.
We should follow the lab safety guidelines. We should clean the chemical if we totally know about the chemical. Cleaning with water is totally dangerous as you know adding water to concentrated solution cause fire in the lab or extremely exothermic reaction occur. It is very risky to use water to clean the spill. The things like disposing test tube in special container is a good step. There are some chemical which are very harmful and smell very poisonous. so its very risky throwing the sharp test tube glass pieces into bin without disposal is dangerous.
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Compared to the number of electron shells and radius of an aluminum atom in the ground state a boron atom in the ground state has ?
Fewer electron shells exist for boron. Smaller radius results from fewer electron shells.
The total distance from an atom's nucleus to its outermost electron orbital is typically defined as the atomic radius. It can be described more simply as something akin to the radius of a circle, with the nucleus acting as the circle's centre and the outermost orbital of the electron as the circle's perimeter. Trends that help explain how atomic radii change start to appear as you start moving across or down the periodic table. The radius of atoms increases as you move down a particular group in the periodic table of elements because an atom grows larger as the number of electronic shells increases. In general, when you move from the left to the right of a particular period, an atom's size will decrease.
Let's start by looking up aluminium and boron on our reference table's periodic table. The numbers 13 and 5 correspond to aluminium (Al) and boron (B).
While boron is in the second period and has two electron shells, aluminium is in the third period (row) and has three. Borium thus has fewer electron shells. Smaller radius results from fewer electron shells.
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What is used to measure molecular collisions in matter?
Would you expect deuterium,the hydrogen isotope with a mass of 2 amu, to emit light at the same wave lengths as hydrogen? why or why not? justify your answer using the Bohr model.
Deuterium (D, or 2H), also known as heavy hydrogen, is an isotope of hydrogen that has a nucleus made up of one proton and one neutron and has a mass twice that of regular hydrogen's nucleus (one proton). The atomic weight of deuterium is 2.014.
What are isotopes ?Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. They differ in mass, which affects their physical characteristics even though they have nearly identical chemical properties.
The most prevalent element in the universe, hydrogen, has isotopes called deuterium and tritium. All hydrogen isotopes have one proton, but tritium and deuterium also have one neutron each, making their ion masses heavier than those of protium, the only hydrogen isotope without a neutron.
Thus, deuterium,the hydrogen isotope with a mass of 2 amu, to emit light at the same wave lengths as hydrogen.
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Each of the following statements describes an intermolecular force. For each statement indicate if it describes London Forces (L), dipole forces (D); or hydrogen bonding (H): occurs in all molecules occurs in polar molecules is the strongest intermolecular force is affected by the shape of molecule occur when temporary dipole is formed occurs in molecules where hydrogen is covalently bonded t0 0, N, or F strength of the force depends on how many protons and electrons are in the molecule'
The atoms present in all molecules are bonded with some interatomic attractions. These molecular forces may be strong or weak. These attractions are known as intermolecular forces.
London forces are defined as the intermolecular forces of attraction holding molecules together. They are one of the Vander Waal's forces of attraction but are the only force present in materials that don't have polar dipole molecules . For example, among the noble gases like Ne & Ar.
Dipole–dipole forces basically, occur between molecules with permanent dipoles (i.e., polar molecules). For molecules of similar size and mass, the strength of these dipole-dipole forces increases with increasing polarity.
Hydrogen bonding is defined as the interaction involving a hydrogen atom located between a pair of other atoms having a high affinity for electrons; such a bond is usually weaker than an ionic bond or covalent bond but stronger than van der Waals forces.
The above question is inappropriate so I have answered according to general knowledge.
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Exercise: A. What volume of 0.0500 mol/L KMnO4 (aq) is needed to oxidize all the Br (aq) ions in 25.0 mL of an acidic 0.200 mol/L NaBr (aq) solution according to the following unbalanced equation. B. Concentration of manganese ion in the product. c- Mass of bromine in the final solution. MnO4 (aq) + Br (aq) →Br2 (aq) + Mn2+ (aq) Given: Mn- 55; Br-80.
Exercise: A. What volume of 0.0500 mol/L KMnO4 (aq) is needed to oxidize all the Br (aq) ions in 25.0 mL of an acidic 0.200 mol/L NaBr (aq) solution according to the following unbalanced equation. B. Concentration of manganese ion in the product. c- Mass of bromine in the final solution. MnO4 (aq) + Br (aq) →Br2 (aq) + Mn2+ (aq) Given: Mn- 55; Br-80.
A. To find the volume of 0.0500 mol/L KMnO4 needed to oxidize all the Br ions, we need to determine the number of moles of Br present in 25.0 mL of 0.200 mol/L NaBr solution:
0.200 mol/L x (25.0 mL / 1000 mL/L) = 0.005 mol of NaBr
Since the reaction goes to completion, all the Br will be oxidized, and the same number of moles of KMnO4 will be consumed:
0.005 mol / 0.0500 mol/L = 0.100 L = 100.0 mL
So, 100.0 mL of 0.0500 mol/L KMnO4 is needed.
B. After all the Br ions have been oxidized, the concentration of Mn2+ ions can be calculated from the number of moles of KMnO4 consumed:
0.005 mol / 0.100 L = 0.050 mol/L
C. The mass of bromine in the final solution can be calculated from the number of moles of Br2 and its molar mass:
0.005 mol * (2 x Br-80 g/mol) = 0.160 g = 160.0 mg
About MolThe mole is a unit of measurement in the International System of Units (SI) for the amount of substance. The number of molecules per mole is known as Avogadro's number, and is defined as the mass of one mole of a substance, expressed in grams, that is equal to the average relative molecular mass of the substance.
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Which of the following is an endothermic reaction?
Combustion
Photosynthesis
Neutralisation
Respiration
Answer: Photosynthesis and Respiration
Explanation: Endothermic (thermic meaning heat) is a process in which energy (heat) is consumed. Both the reactions of photosynthesis and respiration consume heat.
Question 4 A gas, initially at 7.6 atm and 11,394.7 mL, is compressed to 6.1 L. What is the new pressure of the gas? 1.5 p
Answer:
To calculate the new pressure of the gas, you can use the ideal gas law equation:
P₁V₁ = P₂V₂
Where P₁ and V₁ are the initial pressure and volume, and P₂ and V₂ are the final pressure and volume. Plugging in the given values, we get:
7.6 atm x 11394.7 mL = P₂ x 6100 L
Solving for P₂, we get:
P₂ = 7.6 atm x 11394.7 mL / 6100 L
Therefore, the new pressure of the gas is 10.5 atm.
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The volumetric pipet is labeled 10.00 ± 0.02 mL. What does that mean ?
Answer:
This means that the volume of the liquid the pipet can deliver is 10 mL with a tolerance of 0.02 mL. The tolerance is based on whether the actual volume is within 0.02 mL of 10 mL.
Explanation:
10 mL - 0.02 mL = 9.98 mL
10 mL - 0.02 mL = 10.02 mL
The volume of the liquid is between 9.98 and 10.02 mL.
1.0 x 10^-10 what is the frequency
Answer:
000.19900010
Explanation:
divide the number of times the event occurs by the length of time. Example: Anna divides the number of website clicks (236) by the length of time (one hour, or 60 minutes)
Help Asha balance the following equation by completing the equation with the correct numbers:__H2 + __O2equation __H2O
Answer: 2 H₂ + O₂ ⇒ 2 H₂O
Explanation:
H₂ + O₂ ⇒ H₂O
There needs to be the same amount of each atom on both sides of the equation.
Step 1
There are 2 oxygen atoms on the left side of the equation and 1 oxygen atom on the right side of the equation.
Place a 2 in front of H₂O on the right side of the equation to balance the oxygen atoms.
H₂ + O₂ ⇒ 2 H₂O
Now the oxygen atoms are balanced, with 2 on each side of the equation.
Step 2
H₂ + O₂ ⇒ 2 H₂O
There are 2 hydrogen atoms on the left side of the equation and 4 hydrogen atoms on the right side of the equation (2 x 2 = 4).
Place a 2 in front of H₂ on the left side of the equation.
2 H₂ + O₂ ⇒ 2 H₂O
Now the hydrogen atoms are balanced.
The entire equation is balanced because there are equal numbers of each atom on both sides of the equation.
When you burned copper, the product copper oxide appeared on the wire. Besides copper, the other reactant is _____Explain how you know it must be oxygen. Where did the oxygen come from? oxygenCopper oxide is the only product, and it contains copper and oxygen. One of the reactants is copper, so the other reactant must be oxygen. The copper metal must have combined with something in the air.
When you burned a copper, the product of copper oxide will appeared on the wire. Besides copper, the other reactant is oxygen. The oxygen is coming from copper oxide (CuO).
After Nitrogen gas, the most abundant gas will be present in the atmosphere is oxygen gas which makes it available for the reaction.
The product which forms after the reaction between copper metal and oxygen gas is copper oxide which is a black color coating on the surface of a copper.
2Cu (s) + O₂ (g) → 2CuO (g)
When this copper oxide will reacts with hydrogen gas, then the reaction among these two reactant gives copper metal as well as water as products.
CuO (s) +H₂ (g) → Cu (s) + H₂O (g)
From the above reaction, the formation of the water shows that the oxygen atom came from the CuO.
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--The given question is incorrect, the correct question is
"When you burned copper, the product copper oxide appeared on the wire. Besides copper, the other reactant is oxygen, O₂ . Explain how you know it must be oxygen. Where did the oxygen come from?"--
Hazardous materials responses generally require that responding personnel be specifically trained and equipped to manage a(an):A. fireB. crowdC. chemical releaseD. emergency management plan
Hazardous materials responses generally require that responding personnel be specifically trained and equipped to manage a "chemical release"
To avoid an unauthorised discharge, it's crucial to maintain the mechanical integrity and tightness of the system when examining hazardous chemicals.
Hazard classes are a means to put items with comparable qualities together. All nations that have embraced the GHS will employ the majority of the danger classifications on a global scale.
Hazardous materials are substances or compounds that can be harmful to the environment, constitute a risk to human health, or both.
Any item with the warnings WARNING, CAUTION, POISONOUS, TOXIC, FLAMMABLE, CORROSIVE, REACTIVE, or EXPLOSIVE labelled on it should be regarded as potentially dangerous. Hazardous trash cannot be disposed of the same way as normal rubbish. For instance, buried pollutants can pollute groundwater by filtering through the earth.
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A student determined the average concentration of total reducible iodine in the aqueous phase from their 'best two' determinations in Part 1 to be 0.0185 M. They also determined the average concentration of I2 in the CH2Cl2 phase from their 'best two' determinations in Part 2 to be 0.0197 M. Determine what the concentration of I2 in water would be based on this student's previous work. Report your final answer, in mol/L, to 6 decimal places and only include the numerical value (no units). Do not use scientific notation for this question.
Answer:
Based on the student's work, the concentration of I2 in water would be 0.001202 mol/L.
Part 1 to be 0.0185 M. They also determined the average concentration of I2 in the CH2Cl2 phase from their 'best two' determinations in Part 2 to be 0.0197 M.The concentration of iodine present in water in mol/L is 0.0009.
What is the concentration ?A substance's concentration is the amount of solute present in a given amount of solution. Molarity is the number of moles of solute in one liter of solution and is used to express concentrations.
Given:
Step 1:
The total concentration of reducible iodine is 0.0185 M
The concentration of iodine in dichloromethane layer is 0.0197 M
Step 2 :
Therefore, the concentration of iodine present in layer can be calculated as follows:
Concentration of iodine in water = Concentration of iodine in dichloromethane layer - Total concentration of reducible iodine
= 0.0197 M - 0.0185 M
= 0.0009 M or 0.0009 mol/L
Therefore, the concentration of iodine present in water in mol/L is 0.0009.
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For many purposes we can treat propane (C3H8) as an ideal gas at temperatures above its boiling point of -42. °C. Suppose the temperature of a sample of propane gas is lowered from 35.0 °C to 4.0 °C, and at the same time the pressure is increased by 5.0%.
Does the volume of the sample increase, decrease, or stay the same?
If you said the volume increases or decreases, calculate the percentage change in the volume. Round your answer to the nearest percent.
The volume of the sample will decrease. To calculate the percentage change in the volume, use the ideal gas equation: PV = nRT.
We know the Pressure, Temperature, and number of moles (n) of the gas. Since we are looking for the percentage change in volume, we can rearrange the equation to solve for V: V = nRT/P. So, the new volume is V2 = nRT2/P2, and the old volume is V1 = nRT1/P1. The percentage change in volume is then (V2-V1)/V1 x 100%.
Plugging in the given values, we get:
(nR(4.0+273.15)/(1.05P(35.0+273.15)) - nR(35.0+273.15)/P(35.0+273.15))/nR(35.0+273.15)/P(35.0+273.15) x 100% = -11.9%,
so the volume decreases by 11.9%.
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Pre-Test project) (LSICS-EN-R-PSD-LE-JHS-19). anging historical events, and implementing a A. Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer 1. Complete the statement below: Events in a sequence series appears "Just Follow Me" A. chronologically B. in any order 2. Which is not a term that denotes sequence? A. Initially B. At the beginning C. Subsequently 4. Complete the statement below: The imperative form A. gives instructions B. expresses a surprise C. makes statements 3. Which of these sentences is in imperative form? A. Are you quiet? B. You be quiet. C. You are quiet. D. Thoroughly E. Finally F. Ultimately
Answer:
The correct answers to the questions are A. chronologically, C. makes statements, B. You be quiet, and F. Ultimately.
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A 400-MHz instrument found a proton at 7.78 ppm. What is the chemical shift from TMS in hertz?
The chemical shift of the proton from TMS is 3.112 Hz.
What is a chemical shift?Generally, The chemical shift of a proton from TMS (tetramethylsilane) in Hz can be calculated as follows:
δ (in Hz) = δ (in ppm) x (frequency in MHz) / 10^6
Plugging in the values, we get:
δ (in Hz) = 7.78 ppm x (400 MHz) / 10^6 = 3.112 Hz
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6. Discuss the successes and the shortcomings of the conservative reaction to the French Revolution as seen in the actions of the Congress of Vienna and the Holy Alliance
The Congress of Vienna and the Holy Alliance were conservative reactions to the French Revolution that aimed to restore stability and order to Europe after the revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.
Successes of the conservative reaction include:Re-establishment of the balance of power in Europe through territorial adjustments and the creation of a system of alliances to prevent future warsRestoration of the rule of hereditary monarchs in many countries, which helped to re-establish traditional forms of governance
Shortcomings of the conservative reaction include:
The strict enforcement of political and social conservatism stifled liberal and nationalistic movements, leading to further political unrest in the decades to comeThe Congress of Vienna's emphasis on restoring the balance of power rather than promoting individual liberties led to the suppression of national self-determination movementsRead more about the French Revolution here:
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If an experiment calls for .01 ml of acetic acid, which pipetman should you grab?
a. P200
b. the red one
c. P1000
d. P20
Answer:
You should grab a P20 pipetman for an experiment that calls for .01 ml of acetic acid.
Charlotte is driving at 53.5 mi/h and receives a text message. She looks down at her phone and takes her eyes off the road for 3.97 s. How far has Charlotte traveled in feet during this time?
A compound is found to contain 31.42 % sulfur , 31.35 % oxygen , and 37.23 % fluorine by mass. What is the empirical formula?
The empirical formula for the compound containing 31.42% sulfur, 31.35% oxygen, and 37.23% fluorine is SO₂F₂
How do I determine the empirical formula?We'll begin by listing out the given parameters from the question. This given below:
Sulphur (S) = 31.42% Oxygen (O) = 31.35%Fluorine (F) = 37.23%Empirical formula =?The empirical formula for the compound can be obtained as follow:
Divide by their molar mass
S = 31.42 / 32 = 0.982
O = 31.35 / 16 = 1.959
F = 37.23 / 19 = 1.959
Divide by the smallest
S = 0.982 / 0.982 = 1
O = 1.959 / 0.982 = 2
F = 1.959 / 0.982 = 2
Thus, we can conclude the empirical formula for the compound is SO₂F₂
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If a molecule of ammonium chloride salt (NH4Cl) were placed in an aqueous solution, it would dissociate. What is the cation?
NH4 with a charge of +1
Cl with a charge of -1
N with a charge of +1
H with a charge of +1
NH with a charge of -1
If a molecule of ammonium chloride salt (NH4Cl) were placed in an aqueous solution, it would dissociate to give ions out of which cation is NH₄ with a charge of +1.
What is an ion?An ion is defined as an atom or a molecule which has a net electrical charge. There are 2 types of ions :1) cation 2) anion . The cation is the positively charged ion and anion is the negatively charged ion . As they are oppositely charged they attract each resulting in the formation of ionic bond.
Ions consisting of single atom are mono-atomic ions while which consists of two or more ions are called as poly-atomic ions . They are created by chemical interactions . They are very reactive in their gaseous state and rapidly react with oppositely charged ions resulting in neutral molecules.
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If the volume of the reaction vessel in part (b) was 1.50L, what amount of Br2 (in moles) was formed during the first 15 seconds of the reaction? Consider the following reaction: 2HBr-> H2+Br2
The amount of Br₂ formed in the 15s of the reaction was 0.0153 moles.
2 HBr ⇒ H₂ +Br₂
The concentration of HBr decreased from 0.520M to 0.486M in the first 25 seconds of the reaction.
so the rate of reaction will be
rate = - 1/2 ( [ HBr] form -[HBr] ) δt
i
rate = - 1/2 ( [0.86 -0.520) δt
2
rate = 0.00068 M/s
The average rate of the reaction is 0.00068M/s
rate = δBr²/ δt
0.00068M/s = δBr²/ 15
δBr² = 0.0102 M
moles Br₂ = molarity x volume = 0.0102 M x 1.5 L = 0.0153 moles
According to the estimates above, the reaction produced 0.0153 moles of Br₂ in the first 15 seconds.
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Heat transfer to Earth Essential Question: How does energy transfer from the Sun to Earth and the atmosphere? What affects the climate
When the energy from sun strikes the Earth, some of these are reflected back into the universe by clouds, most of it is absorbed by the atmosphere, and a portion is absorbed at the surface.
How sun's energy affects atmosphere?The Sun is the sole source of energy for the Earth's climate system. The distribution of solar heating across the planet produces global wind patterns and contributes to the formation of clouds, storms, and rainfall.Three processes transfer energy in the atmosphere, ocean, and Earth's interior system: convection, conduction, and radiation. These processes can all take place at the same time on a small or large scale.All of the Sun's energy that reaches the Earth arrives as solar radiation, which is part of a large collection of energy known as the electromagnetic radiation spectrum. Visible light, ultraviolet light, infrared light, radio waves, X-rays, and gamma rays are all types of solar radiation.To learn more about sun's energy refer to :
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If 3.50 moles of Br2 are used, how many grams of KBr are formed? 2 K + 1 Br2 --> 2 KBr
Answer:
Explanation:
2 K + 1 Br₂ ⇒ 2 KBr
Use the balanced equation and the molar mass of KBr to find grams of KBr formed from 3.50 moles of Br₂.
Note that all units cancel except grams of KBr, which is what is being asked.
3.50 mol Br₂ x (2 mol KBr/1 mol Br₂) x (119.00 g KBr/1 mol KBr) = 833 g KBr
