which product is used to determine whether patterns themselves are clustering over time and becoming larger, long-term problem areas?

The labor force's skills are a key locational determinant as supply chains become more global in nature. As businesses expand their operations globally, they seek to locate their facilities in regions where they can find the necessary skills to support their supply chains.

For instance, if a company requires specialized skills in information technology or engineering, it will look for locations where such skills are abundant. The labor force's skills, therefore, play a crucial role in determining where a company will set up its operations. Wage rates, age, and size of the labor force may also be significant factors in this decision, but the skill set is often the most critical determinant. Companies that locate in areas with the right skill set can be more competitive and efficient in their operations, as they will not have to invest time and resources in training their workforce. Ultimately, the right labor force can be a significant competitive advantage for companies in a global marketplace.

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The shortcoming of concentration ratios as measures of monopoly power is that they only show the dispersion of size among the top four firms and do not account for interindustry competition. The correct option is B.

Concentration ratios only consider the market share of the largest firms within a particular industry, without taking into account the competition that may be present from firms outside of that industry. Additionally, concentration ratios do not provide insight into the behavior of individual firms within the market and may not accurately reflect the true level of competition present.

Therefore, while concentration ratios can provide some information about market concentration, they should be used alongside other measures of market power to gain a more complete understanding of competition within a particular industry.

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The statements "Decoupling inventories refer to the buffering effect that inventories have at each stage of the supply chain" and "The holding (or not holding) of inventory can be used in a speculative nature, whereby companies can profit from changes in the prices of supplies." and "The familiar "bar code" is being replaced by RFID. " are true, whereas "A supplier’s offering of volume discounts does not affect the customer’s EOQ." is false.

Decoupling inventories refer to the buffering effect that inventories have at each stage of the supply chain. This statement is true, as decoupling inventories allow companies to manage fluctuations in demand and maintain smooth operations throughout the supply chain.

The holding (or not holding) of inventory can be used in a speculative nature, whereby companies can profit from changes in the prices of supplies. This statement is true, as businesses may hold extra inventory when they anticipate an increase in prices or demand, thus profiting from these changes.

A supplier's offering of volume discounts does not affect the customer's Economic Order Quantity (EOQ). This statement is false, as volume discounts influence the customer's EOQ by encouraging them to purchase larger quantities to benefit from the lower per-unit cost.

The familiar "bar code" is being replaced by RFID (Radio Frequency Identification). This statement is true, as RFID technology provides numerous advantages over traditional bar codes, including increased efficiency and the ability to store more information. However, it is essential to note that RFID is not entirely replacing barcodes, but it is becoming a widely adopted alternative in many industries.

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Banks can obtain funds by borrowing from the Federal Reserve System through the Discount Window.

The Discount Window is an instrument used by the Federal Reserve to provide short-term loans to eligible depository institutions, including banks, in order to manage their liquidity needs and meet reserve requirements. The Discount Window loans are often used by banks to meet temporary funding needs and to ensure that they have sufficient reserves to maintain their daily operations. The interest rate on Discount Window loans is set by the Federal Reserve and is typically higher than the federal funds rate, which is the interest rate at which banks lend to each other overnight.

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Temporary life insurance is simply another name for term life insurance, which offers affordable and straightforward protection for a specific period of time. Option D

Temporary life insurance is another name for term life insurance, which provides coverage for a specified period of time, usually ranging from one to thirty years.

It is designed to provide financial protection to the policyholder's beneficiaries if the policyholder were to pass away during the term of the policy.

Unlike other types of life insurance, such as whole life insurance or cash value life insurance, term life insurance does not accumulate cash value over time.

Instead, it offers affordable and straightforward protection for a specific period of time.

This makes it a popular choice for individuals who have specific financial obligations, such as mortgage payments or children's college tuition, that they want to protect in the event of their untimely death.  So option D is correct

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When members of the marketing channel collude to control the prices passed on to consumers, they are engaging in horizontal price fixing.

Horizontal price fixing is an illegal anticompetitive practice wherein companies at similar levels in an organization's distribution chain (such as manufacturers or retailers ) agree on setting fixed prices for products or services provided, eliminating competition among themselves while raising consumer costs as a result of this arrangement.

Vertical price fixing occurs when companies from different levels in the distribution chain - manufacturers and retailers - come together to agree upon prices of goods or services sold at different stages of distribution.

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When a central bank has already set the policy rate at the effective lower bound, it means that they have already used all the conventional monetary policy tools to stimulate the economy. However, there are still some unconventional tools that they can use to counter unwanted deflation.

One of the unconventional tools that a central bank can use is Quantitative Easing (QE). In QE, the central bank purchases long-term securities from banks, which increases the money supply and lowers long-term interest rates. This stimulates investment and consumer spending, which helps to increase demand and counter unwanted deflation.
Another tool that a central bank can use is forward guidance. In forward guidance, the central bank communicates its future policy intentions to the market. This can include a commitment to keeping interest rates low for an extended period of time, which can help to boost investor confidence and increase spending.
In addition to these tools, a central bank can also use unconventional policy measures such as negative interest rates or helicopter money. Negative interest rates mean that banks are charged for holding reserves at the central bank, which encourages them to lend more. Helicopter money is a policy where the central bank directly injects money into the economy by distributing it to households or businesses.

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To calculate the net present value (NPV) of the Komatsu D39-22, we first need to determine the discount rate. This is the rate of return that we could earn on an alternative investment with similar risk. Let's assume a discount rate of 10%.

Next, we can calculate the present value of the after-tax cash flows for each year:

Year 1: $87,000 / (1 + 0.10)^1 = $79,090.91

Year 2: $87,000 / (1 + 0.10)^2 = $71,900.83

Year 3: $87,000 / (1 + 0.10)^3 = $65,364.39

Year 4: $50,000 / (1 + 0.10)^4 = $35,486.16

Year 5: $50,000 / (1 + 0.10)^5 = $32,260.14

Year 6: $50,000 / (1 + 0.10)^6 = $29,327.40

We can now calculate the present value of the initial cost of the Komatsu D39-22:

Initial cost: -$230,000 - $20,000 = -$250,000

Present value: -$250,000 / (1 + 0.10)^1 = -$227,272.73

Finally, we can calculate the net present value by summing the present values of the cash flows and subtracting the initial cost:

NPV = $79,090.91 + $71,900.83 + $65,364.39 + $35,486.16 + $32,260.14 + $29,327.40 - $227,272.73 = $86,156.10

Therefore, the net present value of the Komatsu D39-22 is $86,156.10, which is positive, indicating that it is a profitable investment at a 10% discount rate.

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The special project risk factor that is not described in the chapter is a. Employee illness.

The chapter lists several special project risk factors, such as natural disasters, vendor bankruptcy, conflicts among project workers, poor initial estimates of resources, and changes in project requirements. These risks require additional planning and attention to mitigate their potential impact on the project. While employee illness can certainly be a risk factor, it is not specifically mentioned as a special project risk factor in this context.

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Based on the given information, option A is the correct answer: Karl is earning a negative economic profit, but could have a positive accounting profit.

The graph shows that the total revenue (TR) curve intersects with the total cost (TC) curve at a quantity where the price (P) is equal to the average total cost (ATC). This indicates that Karl is currently producing and selling kumquats at a price that covers his average costs but does not cover his total costs, resulting in a negative economic profit.

However, the graph also shows that Karl's marginal revenue (MR) curve intersects with his marginal cost (MC) curve at a quantity where the price is higher than the ATC. This means that Karl could increase his production and sell more kumquats at a price that would generate a positive accounting profit, even though his economic profit would still be negative.

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The most important aspect of evaluating the client's method of obtaining a reliable cutoff is evaluate the client's control procedures around cutoff. The answer is B)

While performing extensive detailed testing of cutoff (option A) and confirming transactions with customers (option D) are important steps in evaluating cutoff, evaluating the client's control procedures around cutoff is the most important aspect.

This is because a strong system of control procedures, such as segregation of duties, reconciliations, and monitoring, can help ensure that cutoff is reliable and accurate.

Without effective control procedures, testing cutoff or confirming transactions with customers may not be sufficient to determine the reliability of cutoff. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the client's control procedures around cutoff to ensure that cutoff is reliable. Hence, B) is the right answer.

The complete question is:
The most important aspect of evaluating the client’s method of obtaining a reliable cutoff is to

A) perform extensive detailed testing of cutoff.

B) evaluate the client’s control procedures around cutoff.

C) confirm a sample of transactions near period end with customers.

D) confirm transaction with customers.

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One reason that is not applicable is competitor production costs being lower. This is because competitor production costs do not have a direct impact on a company's decision to pay higher base wages.

Companies may pay above market wages to attract a more talented workforce, which can lead to increased productivity and better business outcomes. When employees are paid more, they are more likely to be satisfied with their jobs and less likely to leave, leading to a reduction in turnover rates. Additionally, higher wages can motivate employees to work harder and more efficiently, which can also lead to increased productivity and better business results. However, it's essential to note that paying higher wages may not always be feasible for a company, especially if it operates in a highly competitive market with narrow profit margins. In such cases, a company may need to balance the need to pay competitive wages with the need to remain profitable.

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At year-end, you need to file two forms related to employees and contractors: Form W-2 and Form 1099. Form W-2 is used for reporting employees' annual wages and tax withholdings, while Form 1099 is used to report payments made to independent contractors.

Thank you for your question! The two forms related to employees and contractors that you need to file at year-end are Form W-2 and Form 1099. Form W-2 is used to report wages, tips, and other compensation paid to employees,

while Form 1099 is used to report payments made to independent contractors and other non-employees. It's important to note that if you have employees, you also need to file Form W-3, which is a summary of all your employees' earnings and taxes withheld. I hope this long answer helps!

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"Exchanging pirated, copyrighted works with others is infringement regardless of whether money is involved or not." The statement is false.

Exchanging pirated, copyrighted works with others, even without money involved, is still considered infringement and is illegal. It violates the exclusive rights of the copyright owner, which include the right to reproduce, distribute, and create derivative works based on the original work. Any use of a copyrighted work without permission from the owner is generally considered infringement, regardless of whether any monetary compensation is involved.

Copyrighted works refer to creative and original forms of expression that are protected by copyright law, including literary works, music, art, films, software, and other types of creative content. Copyright protection gives the creator or owner of the work exclusive rights to reproduce, distribute, and display the work, as well as to create derivative works based on the original. Copyright law is designed to encourage and protect creativity by giving creators and owners the ability to profit from their works and control how they are used by others.

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In general, food guides do not group "meat" with dairy foods.

Food guides, such as dietary guidelines or nutrition recommendations, typically categorize different food groups based on their nutritional content and dietary benefits. One common categorization is to separate dairy foods from meat. Dairy foods, such as milk, cheese, and yogurt, are grouped together due to their shared characteristics, including being excellent sources of calcium, protein, and other nutrients. On the other hand, meat products, which include various animal protein sources like beef, poultry, and pork, are usually placed in a separate category due to their distinct nutritional profile, including higher protein content and different vitamin and mineral profiles compared to dairy products.

It's important to note that specific food guides may vary in their categorization, and dietary recommendations can differ across cultures and countries. It's always recommended to consult the specific food guide or dietary guidelines relevant to your region for accurate and detailed information.

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Attendee registration, exhibit space rentals, and sponsorship are all sources of revenue for conventions. The answer is D)

Attendee registration, exhibit space rentals, and sponsorship are all sources of revenue for conventions. Conventions are large gatherings of people who share a common interest, usually related to a profession or industry.

The purpose of a convention is to provide attendees with educational and networking opportunities, as well as to showcase products and services related to the industry.

Attendee registration fees, exhibit space rentals, and sponsorship are all ways that conventions generate revenue to cover the costs of organizing the event. Convention organizers may also receive funding from government agencies, industry associations, or other organizations that have an interest in promoting the industry or profession.

Hence, D) is the correct option.

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If HotPie has a company policy not to accept orders that would commit them to operating above 95% capacity, the largest new order they could accept would depend on their current level of capacity utilization. Let's assume their current capacity utilization is at 90%.

To calculate the largest new order they could accept, we would first determine the additional capacity available. In this case, it would be 5% (100% - 95%). Then, we can multiply the additional capacity by the existing capacity to find the maximum order size they can accommodate.

For example, if HotPie's current capacity allows them to produce 1,000 units, the additional capacity would be 5% of 1,000, which is 50 units. So the largest new order they could accept without exceeding the 95% capacity limit would be 50 units.

It's important to note that this calculation assumes that HotPie's capacity can be easily adjusted to meet the demand and that other factors like production time, resources, and logistics are not limiting factors in fulfilling the order.

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The scenario that illustrates a violation of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act is d. Ronan, the CFO of Puvane Inc., is granted an unsecured loan by the company to pay his son’s medical bills.

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) is a federal law that sets standards for public companies in the United States. It aims to improve the accuracy and reliability of corporate disclosures by increasing the accountability of corporate executives and auditors. SOX prohibits loans to executives and directors of public companies, which includes unsecured loans. Thus, Ronan's loan from Puvane Inc. violates this provision and would be considered a violation of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The other scenarios do not necessarily represent violations of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

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True or false: Typically, the director will start meeting with designers after casting the actors for the show.

True. After casting the actors, the director will have a better idea of the talent and abilities of the cast and can start collaborating with the production team, including set, costume, lighting, and sound designers, to create a unified vision for the show. This allows the director to coordinate all the elements of the production and create a cohesive and effective theatrical experience for the audience. It also allows the designers to create their designs with specific actors in mind, ensuring that the costumes, sets, and lighting complement and enhance the performances on stage.

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Becoming a world citizen involves having a global perspective and understanding how to interact with people from diverse cultures and nations. Therefore, the answer is not limited to a single option.

To become a world citizen, one needs to be open-minded and respectful towards different cultures, traditions, and viewpoints. This includes developing intercultural communication skills, understanding the history and geography of different regions, and being aware of global issues and challenges.

Learning multiple languages can also be an essential aspect of becoming a world citizen, as it can help facilitate communication and build connections with people from different countries and cultures.

Additionally, being a world citizen requires a commitment to promoting peace, justice, and sustainability on a global scale. This involves taking action to address issues such as poverty, inequality, climate change, and human rights violations.

Overall, becoming a world citizen involves a willingness to learn, grow, and engage with the world beyond one's own borders, with the goal of promoting understanding, empathy, and cooperation across cultures and nations.

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Out of the given options, C) respondents participating in a focus group and being compensated for their opinions, is not an example of deception or invasion of privacy in marketing research. In fact, compensating respondents for their time and opinions is a common practice in marketing research and is considered ethical.

Deception in marketing research occurs when potential respondents are misled or provided with false information about the nature or purpose of the research. For instance, option A) where potential respondents are not told the true identity of the sponsor of the research can be considered deceptive as respondents may provide biased or inaccurate responses without knowing who is behind the study.

Invasion of privacy, on the other hand, occurs when a respondent's personal information or behavior is collected without their knowledge or consent. Option B) where potential respondents are viewed during a study without their permission can be seen as an invasion of privacy as respondents may not feel comfortable being observed or recorded without their knowledge.

In conclusion, marketing research should be conducted with utmost ethical considerations, and practices that involve deception or invasion of privacy should be avoided. Compensating respondents for their time and opinions is ethical as long as they are aware of the study's nature and purpose, and their privacy is respected. Thus correct option is C

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The term that describes risks that remain after all of the response strategies have been implemented is residual risks. Residual risks are those risks that have not been fully mitigated or eliminated through risk response strategies.

It is important to recognize and address residual risks as they can potentially have a significant impact on project success. Therefore, residual risks should be monitored and managed throughout the project lifecycle to ensure that they are being effectively addressed and do not pose a threat to the project's objectives.

Residual risks are risks that remain after all of the response strategies have been implemented. These are risks that were not completely eliminated or mitigated by the implemented strategies, and may still pose a potential impact on a project or situation.

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Poor supervision is one possible cause of an unfavorable labor variance. A labor variance is the difference between the budgeted labor cost and the actual labor cost incurred during a specific period.

The unfavorable variance indicates that the actual cost of labor is higher than the budgeted cost, which can lead to increased expenses and reduced profits. Poor supervision can lead to various issues in the workforce, such as inefficient use of resources, low employee morale, and low productivity. For instance, if the employees are not adequately supervised, they may not be working to their full potential, resulting in a decrease in productivity. This can lead to an unfavorable labor variance as the actual cost of labor will be higher than the budgeted cost due to the inefficient use of resources.

In conclusion, effective supervision is crucial to ensure that labor costs are kept under control, and the budgeted cost is not exceeded. Poor supervision can lead to an unfavorable labor variance, which can negatively impact the company's financial performance. Therefore, companies should invest in training their supervisors to ensure that they can effectively manage and motivate their employees to achieve the desired results.

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The precautionary principle has been applied when the zoning board rejects an application to build an auto repair shop because the applicant cannot guarantee that hazardous chemicals from the shop won't contaminate a nearby river.

This decision shows that the board prioritizes the protection of the environment and public health over economic interests. The other situations also involve some level of precautionary measures, but they are not as strict as the rejection of the auto repair shop application. In the given situations, the precautionary principle has been most strictly applied in the case where "a zoning board rejects an application to build an auto repair shop because the applicant cannot guarantee that hazardous chemicals from the shop won't contaminate a nearby river." This decision prioritizes preventing potential harm even when there is a lack of complete certainty regarding the risks.

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The philosophy of the training course Action Selling is that the key to sales success is B) asking customers questions. This approach emphasizes the importance of understanding customers' needs, preferences, and concerns by engaging in active listening and effective communication.

Through asking targeted questions, salespeople can better tailor their sales pitch to the individual customer, addressing their unique requirements and ultimately leading to more successful sales outcomes. This strategy aligns with the philosophy that customer satisfaction is paramount, and by focusing on the customers' perspectives, salespeople can offer tailored solutions that provide genuine value. Adequate reasoning and a deep understanding of the product are still essential for a salesperson, but they are more effective when applied in response to the customers' expressed needs.

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Globalization. The development of capitalism has been closely intertwined with the process of globalization. Globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness and integration of economies, societies, and cultures on a global scale.

It involves the expansion of economic activities worldwide, the movement of goods, services, and capital across borders, and the exchange of ideas and information. Capitalism, as an economic system characterized by private ownership, free markets, and profit motive, has been a driving force behind globalization. Capitalist enterprises seek to expand their markets, access resources, and maximize profits, leading to the spread of economic activities beyond national boundaries.

As capitalism expands its reach, it influences and transforms the societies it encounters. It often brings about changes in social structures, labor relations, consumption patterns, and cultural practices. These changes can be both positive and negative, impacting areas such as employment, income distribution, cultural diversity, and environmental sustainability.

In summary, the word that encapsulates the process of expanding economic activity worldwide and the resulting transformation of societies is globalization.

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When the American company Exxon purchases crude oil from Saudi Arabia, it is engaging in importing. Importing is the process of bringing goods or services from a foreign country into one's own country for sale or use. Correct answer is option B

Exxon is not engaging in licensing, which involves granting permission to another company to use one's intellectual property, such as patents or trademarks, in exchange for royalties or other compensation. Exxon is also not engaging in free trade, which is a policy that encourages the unrestricted exchange of goods and services between countries without barriers such as tariffs or quotas.

While free trade may be involved in the overall economic relationship between the United States and Saudi Arabia, Exxon's specific action of purchasing crude oil is not an example of free trade.

Lastly, Exxon is not engaging in exporting, which is the process of selling goods or services produced in one's own country to a foreign country. In this case, Exxon is purchasing goods (crude oil) from a foreign country (Saudi Arabia) and bringing them into their own country (United States), which is the opposite of exporting.  Correct answer is option B

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Research suggests that physical ability tests are not a reliable predictor of job success.

Physical ability tests are designed to measure an individual's physical capabilities, such as strength, endurance, and flexibility. While physical ability may be important for certain jobs, research has shown that physical ability tests are not always effective in predicting job success.

On the other hand, cognitive ability tests, personality tests, and integrity tests have all been shown to be reliable predictors of job success. Cognitive ability tests measure an individual's mental abilities, such as problem-solving, memory, and reasoning skills. Personality tests measure an individual's traits, such as conscientiousness, openness, and extraversion. Integrity tests measure an individual's ethical values and attitudes.

Overall, while physical ability tests may have some value in certain contexts, they are not always a reliable predictor of job success. Employers may want to consider using other types of tests, such as cognitive ability tests, personality tests, or integrity tests, to make more accurate predictions about a candidate's potential job performance.

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Regarding the two options, it is clear that Java, Inc should sell the server outright for $17,575, as this option generates more revenue than leasing and maintaining the server for five years, which would cost a total of $50,000.

To determine the better option, we need to calculate the current value of the old server, as well as the cost of leasing and maintaining it for five years.

The current value of the server can be calculated as the original cost minus accumulated depreciation:

Current value = Original cost - Accumulated depreciation

Current value = $60,000 - $45,000

Current value = $15,000

Option 1: Selling the server outright for $18,500 - 5% commission

Net proceeds = $18,500 - (5% * $18,500)

Net proceeds = $17,575

Option 2: Leasing the server for five years at $7,000 per year, with $3,000 per year in maintenance and insurance costs

Total cost of leasing and maintaining for five years = ($7,000 * 5) + ($3,000 * 5)

Total cost of leasing and maintaining for five years = $35,000 + $15,000

Total cost of leasing and maintaining for five years = $50,000

Comparing the two options, it is clear that Java, Inc should sell the server outright for $17,575, as this option generates more revenue than leasing and maintaining the server for five years, which would cost a total of $50,000.

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An agent's authority to act on behalf of a principal must be both actual and apparent. Actual authority refers to the authority that the principal has explicitly given to the agent, while apparent authority refers to the authority that the agent appears to have to third parties based on the principal's actions or words.

In other words, the principal must give the agent the actual authority to act on their behalf, and must also take steps to ensure that the agent's apparent authority is clear to third parties. Without both actual and apparent authority, the agent may not be able to effectively carry out their duties and obligations on behalf of the principal. So, the correct answer is True.

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