The steps of translation in eukaryotes protein synthesis consists of three stages, namely initiation (beginning), elongation and termination of the mRNA chain. The question was incomplete, this is a general answer.
Translation process in eukaryotesUpon initiation, the small ribosomal subunit binds to the start of the mRNA sequence. Then, a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule carrying the amino acid methionine binds to the start codon of the mRNA sequence.
During the elongation stage, the ribosome will continuously translate each codon in turn. The appropriate amino acids are added to the elongated chain and linked by peptide bonds. Elongation continues until all codons are read.
After the ribosome reaches the last codon or stop codon which functions as a stop signal (UAA, UAG, and UGA), termination occurs. This is because no tRNA molecule can recognize this codon, and the ribosome will stop the translation process.
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the process of makes an rna copy from a dna template. the rna is made by the enzyme which makes the rna from (3 or 5)' to (3 or 5)'. the process of makes a protein from an mrna. the protein is made by the which catalyzes the peptide bond between each amino acid. in bacterial cells these two processes occur in the cytoplasm. however, in eukaryotes the process occurs in the nucleus and the process occurs in the
The process of transcription makes an RNA copy from a DNA template. the RNA is made by the enzyme DNA-dependent RNA polymerase which makes the RNA from 5' (3 or 5)' to 3' (3 or 5)'.
The core dogma of molecular biology is the processes of translation and transcription. The information encoded in the genes is transferred into the proteins via these two processes.
The process of transcription makes an RNA copy from a DNA template. The RNA is made by the enzyme DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, which makes the RNA from 5' (3 or 5)' to 3' (3 or 5)'. The process of translation makes a protein from an mRNA. The protein is made by the peptidyl transferase which catalyzes the peptide bond between each amino acid. In bacterial cells, these two processes occur in the cytoplasm. however, in eukaryotes, the process of transcription occurs in the nucleus, and the process of translation occurs in the cytoplasm.
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How biology can be studied from a microscopic approach to global?.
Biology can study from the smallest cell and its organelles to the largest community's ecosystems. Such as the study of a population's community.
From the smallest to the largest organisms and everything in between, biologists can study biology. For instance, an ecologist may be able to do a study on human populations, communities, and ecosystems, as well as the role of each of these in the biosphere.
A biologist could dissect an organism to learn about the cell and its organelles, the tissues the cells are formed of, the organs and the organ systems to which they belong, as well as the organism as a whole.
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Lit 5 fact (not entence) from the leon that upport the claim ""Biological molecule are complex tructure. "" (50 percent)
The 5 fact from th leon that support the claim ""Biological molecule are complex tructure. "" are that it is made up of proteins .
Part of the cause proteins are so complicated is that their constructing blocks are so diverse. Proteins are lengthy chains of man or woman portions referred to as amino acids. Living matters on Earth have a group of 20 amino acids they could use to construct those proteins.The systems of huge organic molecules which includes proteins and nucleic acids are complicated. In fact, relatively specialised computer-pushed images structures had been particularly created to show molecular systems visually.Read more about molecules :
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which of the following ideological types looks to and favors more government activism/intervention in the economic realm to assist people who have difficulty meeting their own economic needs and who are economically disadvantaged?
Liberal ideologies look to and favor more government activism/intervention in the economic realm to assist people who have difficulty meeting their own economic needs.
Liberals frequently want greater government involvement in advancing social and economic equality.
The principles of individual rights, freedom, consent of the governed, political equality, and equality before the law form the foundation of liberalism, a political and moral philosophy. Depending on how they interpret these guiding ideas, liberals hold a variety of positions.
Liberalism is generally acknowledged to be built around the core liberal principles of freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of religion, the separation of church and state, the right to due process, and equality before the law.
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The distribution of chloroplasts within each algal cell was approximately the same.
What assumptions did Engelmann make in order to conclude that red and violet-blue light were more effective than green light in driving photosynthesis?
The number of bacteria clustered at each wavelength (color) was approximately proportional to the amount of oxygen being produced by that portion of the algea.
What assumptions did Engelmann make in order to conclude that red and violet-blue light were more effective than green light in driving photosynthesis?
There were roughly the same numbers of chloroplasts in every algae cell. The amount of oxygen produced by this region of the algae was roughly inversely proportional to the number of bacteria grouped at each wavelength (colour).
What presumptions did Engelmann make in order to come to the conclusion that red and violet-blue light were better at promoting photosynthesis than green light?They reflect yellow and red light while absorbing blue-green light. Eating carrots helps your body absorb the carotenoids, which are pigments.
The blue (425-450 nm) and red ranges of visible light contain the best photosynthesis-friendly wavelengths (600–700 nm). The ideal light sources for photosynthesis should therefore ideally emit light in the blue and red ranges.
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How many o2 molecules are needed for each molecule of glucose?.
Molecules are needed for each molecule of glucose six oxygen molecules are required.
A molecule is or more atoms related by using chemical bonds, which form the smallest unit of a substance that keeps the composition and residence of that substance. Molecules shape the premise of chemistry. Molecules are stated with the element symbol and a subscript with the number of atoms.
The 'easy building blocks of count' are known as atoms. The homes of chemical elements are the smallest constituent devices of a substance. Molecules are made up of 1 or greater atoms conn
The aptly named titin weighs in at a molecular weight of 3 million and consists of a non-stop chain of 27,000 amino acids, making it 20 to 50 instances larger than the common-size protein. just like the Titans of Greek mythology, titin is known no longer only for its size but for its power.
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insulin is a peptide hormone that controls the level of glucose in the blood. it is released from the pancreas as soon as you eat, even before blood glucose levels rise. this is an example of:
This is an example of Type 2 diabetes. This condition occurs when our pancreas is unable to produce enough insulin or when the insulin it does produce cannot function correctly which indicates that the blood sugar (glucose) levels are increasing.
What is insulin?Our pancreas secretes the hormone insulin, which regulates the level of glucose in your bloodstream at any given time. It aids in the storage of glucose in your muscles, fat, and liver. It also controls how proteins, lipids, and carbs are metabolized by your body. Insulin is secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas.
What is diabetes?It is a medical condition which induces a person's blood sugar level to be too high. There are mainly two types of diabetes namely, Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes.
What is type 2 diabetes?When the insulin sensitivity increases and the blood sugar levels rise, type 2 diabetes develops. During insulin resistance, our body is unable to respond to insulin as it should, which prevents it from properly absorbing and using the sugar in meals as fuel. This causes the sugar to remain in our blood, which can eventually result in a chronic illness that, if left untreated and unmanaged, can have a major impact on our health.
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The following HIV encoded enzymes work in which temporal sequence during an HIV infection?
A. integrase, reverse transcriptase, protease
B. protease, reverse transcriptase, integrase
C. reverse transcriptase, protease, integrase
D. reverse transcriptase, integrase, protease
reverse transcriptase, integrase, protease
Reverse transcriptase, integrase, protease. Reverse transcriptase (RT), integrase (IN), and protease (PR), the three viral enzymes, are all promising therapeutic targets during an HIV infection.
White blood cells called CD4 cells, which help the body fight disease and infection, are destroyed by HIV. A CD4 cell that has been infected by the virus is reprogrammed to produce new HIV copies. HIV requires the assistance of the enzymes reverse transcriptase, protease, and integrase to accomplish this. The main HIV medicine classes function by inhibiting these enzymes and preventing CD4 cells from becoming HIV replicators.
Inhibitors of nucleoside reverse transcriptase (NRT) have defective forms of the genetic components that HIV employs to infect CD4 cells. The HIV gene cannot be inserted into the healthy cell when the reverse transcriptase HIV enzyme uses these flawed building pieces.
By interfering with this procedure, the virus cannot replicate in CD4 cells.
Anti-Protease Agents
The generation of protease, a protein required for HIV to replicate itself in a CD4 cell, is inhibited by protease inhibitors.
Inhibitors of Integrase
Integrase is another protein that HIV utilizes to insert its genetic material into CD4 cells; integrase inhibitors limit the development of integrase.
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t/f: a chromosomal mutation in which a segment is missing is called a deletion. group of answer choices true false
True. chromosomal mutation in which a segment is missing is called a deletion.
Contrary to gene mutations, which affect only a gene or a small portion of the chromosome's DNA, chromosomal mutations affect the entire chromosome. There are three different kinds of chromosomal mutations: those that affect chromosome structure, those that affect chromosome number, and those that affect sex chromosomes. Any alteration or mistake that takes place within the chromosome is known as a chromosomal mutation. Any flaws or issues that arise during cell processes like mitosis and meiosis might be blamed for these errors.
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What process do animals do to release carbon into the atmosphere?.
Animals perform respiration to release carbon into the atmosphere.
In physiology, respiration is defined as the movement of oxygen from the outside environment to the cells within tissues, as well as the removal of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction.
Cellular respiration occurs in both the presence and absence of oxygen. However, the process is known as cellular respiration because the cell appears to "respire" in the sense that it takes in molecular oxygen (as an electron acceptor) and emits carbon dioxide (as an end product).
Respiration is the process by which living organisms take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide in order to generate energy. As a result, respiration is an important and necessary process of gas exchange. The blood cells transport gases during respiration, including oxygen and carbon dioxide.
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1. gas that enters the blood through the lungs 2. smallest blood vessel 3. relaxation phase of the heartbeat 4. upper chamber of the heart 5. gas released by body cells; travels via blood to the lungs where it is exhaled. 6. small artery 7. inner lining of the heart 8. specialized muscle fibers connecting the upper and lower heart chambers; bundle of his 9. contraction phase of the heartbeat 10. largest artery in the body 11. lower tip of the heart
The inferior tip of the heart, or the apex, is located just to the left of the sternum, at the point where the fourth and fifth ribs join and the costal cartilages are articulated.
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The presence of _____________ in the tundra ecosystem prevents the establishment of trees and the plant community is limited to small shrubs, grasses, moss and lichens.
The presence of perma frost in the tundra ecosystem prevents the establishment of trees and the plant community is limited to small shrubs, grasses, moss and lichens.
What is tundra ecosystem?Ecosystem is a system formed by an ecological community and its environment that functions as a unit. It is the interconnectedness of organisms (plants, animals, microbes) with each other and their environment.
Tundra ecosystems are treeless regions found in the arctic and on the tops of mountains, where the climate is cold and windy, and rainfall is scanty.
Tundra is the coldest of all the biomes and it is characterized by lack of trees but limited to small shrubs and grasses.
This characteristics is due to the presence of perma frost, which is a permanently frozen ground, or a specific layer thereof.
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What is the purpose of a chronological?.
While a person's biological age is determined by epigenetic changes and DNA methylation, which indicate how capable and functional she is as well as if she has illnesses associated with aging, a person's chronological age relates to the actual period of time they have been alive.
Developmental study searches for variations to time or changes in behavior that are connected to age. It is possible to approximately ensure the equality of elements like physical experience, social contact, learning, and acculturation by using chronological age with time constraint.
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Oil is a fossil fuel that provides power to sustain a modern lifestyle. Which of these statements best describes a cost of oil drilling? oxygen gas is absorbed. Oceans and rivers dry up. Radiation may cause health problems. Water and soil may be contaminated.
The statement that best encapsulates the cost of oil drilling is "water and soil may be contaminated."
How is fossil fuel utilized?Petroleum-based products are used in the production of electricity, building heating, and vehicle propulsion. Plastics, polyurethane, solvents, and countless other intermediate and finished goods are produced by the petrochemical industry in the industrial sector using petroleum as a raw material (a feedstock).
Because they are mixtures of hydrocarbons that formed from the remains of plants and animals (diatoms) that lived in a marine environment millions of years ago, before dinosaurs existed, we refer to crude oil and petroleum as fossil fuels.
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Is flea treatment every 3 months?.
Treating with Bravecto kills the fleas gift to your cat at the time of treatment, and keeps killing any new fleas that land on them for a full three months. No other spot-on lasts longer from one dose.
Fleas can still jump onto your doggy in the wintry weather, and your warm home might be the best surrounding for triggering flea eggs to hatch. So, if you're asking yourself “how often have I provided my pup flea remedy?”, the answer is each 4 weeks for optimal protection – yr-spherical, leaving no gaps.
This relies upon which product you use. we have flea spot-on treatments for dogs and cats that can be applied monthly or tablets that are ultimate for one month for cats and 1-three months for dogs. Worming drugs may be given every three months for grownup puppies and cats.
A unmarried utility can last for six months to a yr. fantastic care has to be taken not to permit products containing permethrin to come back into contact along with your dog and in no way use any spray in close proximity to a fish tank, as they are quite toxic to fish.
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lipoproteins are globular structures that are responsible for transporting lipids through the blood stream. two types of lipoproteins are ldl and hdl. classify each description as applying to ldl, hdl, or both.
LDL: "bad" cholesterol levels are linked to atherosclerosis because they transfer cholesterol from the liver to the tissues.
HDL is a type of "good" cholesterol that transports excess cholesterol to the liver.
Both:
Lipids and proteins are categorized by density and assist to regulate lipid metabolism.
Lipoproteins are protein and fat particles (lipids). They transport cholesterol from the bloodstream to the cells. Lipoproteins are classified into two types: HDL (high-density lipoprotein) or "good" cholesterol and LDL (low-density lipoprotein) or "bad" cholesterol.
Lipoproteins transport cholesterol and triglycerides to cells throughout the body. HDL (good cholesterol) eliminates LDL (bad cholesterol), which clogs arteries. A gene causes high levels of lipoprotein (a), also known as LP(a), which causes artery narrowing. Lipoprotein levels are measured in a lipid blood test.
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the structures of the limbic system are linked together because of their position within the cerebrum, even though they have a variety of functions.
The limbic system is a functional grouping rather than an anatomical one.
Major role of the epithalamus is to connect the limbic system to other parts of the brain. Other role of its components include the secretion of melatonin and secretion of hormones from the pituitary gland with the help of the pineal gland circadian rhythms, and regulation of motor pathways and emotions.
Limbic system is made to be an important constituent for the body's and its response towards the stress, because they are highly connected to the endocrine and autonomic nervous systems.
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cilia are thin, very small tail-like projection that extend outward from the cell body question 1 options: true false
Several terrestrial adaptations contributed to the success of seed plants.
Animals that are like protists are called protozoa. They are multicellular microorganisms that live free or parasitic.
Flagellates are protozoa with one or a small number of long, whip-like hairs called flagella that are used for locomotion. Cilia are very small, slender, tail-like projections that extend outward from the protozoan cell body.
Protozoa are seeds single-celled eukaryotes that share some traits with animals. They move like animals and are heterotrophs.
There is an example of a Trypanosoma flagellate, which causes African sleeping sickness.
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What are the 5 example of biological hazard?.
Biological hazards include viruses such as Coronavirus (COVID-19) and Japanese encephalitis, toxins derived from biological sources, spores, fungi, and insects.
Bacteria, viruses, parasites, and molds or fungi are examples of biological health hazards. They can endanger human health if inhaled, eaten, or come into contact with skin. They can cause food poisoning, tetanus, respiratory infections, and parasite infections.
Organisms or substances produced by organisms that endanger human health are classified as biological hazards. They are a major concern in food processing because they are responsible for the majority of food-borne illness outbreaks. Infectious waste, animal waste, used sharps, discarded vaccines, and pathological waste are all examples of biohazardous waste.
Human blood and blood products in liquid or semi-liquid form, as well as everything saturated with it, are some of the most common biohazards, particularly those with which we deal.
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How do you define an inorganic compound?.
Any material wherein two or more elements elements are mixed, almost invariably in precise proportions, is referred to as an inorganic compound. When carbon is bonded to hydrogen, a compound is categorized as organic.
The most common way to categorize inorganic compounds is according to the individual elements as well as groups of elements which they include. For instance, oxides come in both organic and molecular forms. Compounds classified as organic are those derived either indirectly or directly from animals and plants. Inorganic compounds are those that are created from minerals. Consider the inorganic chemical carbon dioxide, which possesses a carbon atom but no C-C or C-H bonds despite being an inorganic compound. Examples of organic compounds include fat, nucleotides, carbs, enzyme, proteins, and hydrocarbon fuels. Inorganic compounds include objects generated from a single element, non-metals, salt, metals, acids, and bases.
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most written recipes calling for fresh shell eggs are based on what size egg? a. medium b. large c. jumbo d. extra large
most written recipes calling for fresh shell eggs are based on what size egg is d.large
Fresh shell eggs" are unwashed eggs that are either collected from a backyard flock or bought at a farmers market or local farm. The protective layer that covers the shell (also known as the "bloom" or "cuticle") is still present because they haven't been washed.Whether the eggs are "farm fresh" or from your backyard flock versus those bought professionally, the shelf life of eggs will vary substantially.
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what special terms are used to describe the plasma membrane and cytoplasm of a skeletal muscle fiber?
The cytoplasm of a muscle cell is called sarcoplasm. The plasma membrane is called sarcolemma and the endoplasmic reticulum is called sarcoplasmic reticulum. A muscle fiber can also be called myofiber.
The plasma membrane of muscle fibers is called sarcolemma (from the Greek sarco, meaning "flesh") and the cytoplasm is called sarcoplasm. The plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle fiber is called a sarcolemma. The sarcolemma is the seat of the conduction of the action potential, which triggers muscle contraction. Within each muscle fiber are myofibrils, long cylindrical structures running parallel to the muscle fiber. Sarcoplasm is the cytoplasm of a muscle fiber. It is an aqueous solution containing ATP and phosphagens, as well as enzymes and intermediate molecules and products involved in many metabolic reactions. The most abundant metal in the sarcoplasm is potassium.
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Compare the energy output (in the form of ATP) for a single glucose molecule that undergoes glycolysis and fermentation to that of a glucose molecule undergoing cellular respiration.
Under glycolysis and fermentation, a single glucose molecule outputs 2 ATP, but in cellular respiration, a single glucose molecule outputs 38 ATP
A single glucose molecule generates 2 ATP during glycolysis and fermentation, but 38 ATP during cellular respiration.
What is meant by ATP?Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an organic substance that supplies energy to various functions in living cells, including muscular contraction, nerve signal propagation, condensate dissolving, and chemical synthesis. ATP is found in all known forms of life and is sometimes referred to be the "molecular unit of currency" of intracellular energy transfer. When ingested in metabolic processes, it either changes to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) (AMP). Other methods renew ATP. Every day, the human body recycles its own body weight in ATP. It also serves as a coenzyme and a precursor to DNA and RNA.
Therefore, Under glycolysis and fermentation, a single glucose molecule outputs 2 ATP, but in cellular respiration, a single glucose molecule outputs 38 ATP.
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a higher ratio of oxygen-18 to oxygen-16 in ocean sediment core data generally indicates the occurrence of a (fill the blank)
A higher ratio of oxygen-18 to oxygen-16 in ocean sediment core data generally indicates the occurrence of a water cycle or about the past climate condition.
What is ocean sediment core ?A sediment core is a sort of sample that preserves the depositional sequence while capturing the stratigraphic strata in depth (younger sediments are at the top and older sediments are at the bottom).
What are oxygen 18 and oxygen 16?oxygen 18 and oxygen 16 are the naturally occurring stable isotopes of the oxygen. all of them have equal no of protons and neutrons in the nucleus but have different no. of electrons in their outer shell.
Hence, A higher ratio of oxygen-18 to oxygen-16 in ocean sediment core data generally indicates the occurrence of a water cycle or about the past climate condition.
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what is the name of the high-energy compound that cells use directly for fuel? group of answer choices atp glucose fatty acids adp
The chemical compound Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is used by cells to store and release energy.
What is Adenosine Triphosphate?ATP is an organic compound that provides energy to many processes in living cells, including muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, condensate dissolution, and chemical synthesis. ATP is the "molecular unit of currency" of intracellular energy transfer and is found in all known forms of life. When it is consumed in metabolic processes, it either converts to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP). Other processes recycle ATP. Every day, the human body recycles its own body weight equivalent to ATP. It is also a coenzyme and a precursor to DNA and RNA.
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hich herb might interact with warfarin and coumarin, prolong bleeding time, and increase hemorrhage risk of hemorrhage? a. karela b. ginkgo biloba c. st. john's wort d. saw palmetto
The herb which might interact with warfarin and coumarin, prolong bleeding time, and increase hemorrhage risk of hemorrhage is ginkgo biloba; option B.
What are herbs?Herbs are plants whose parts are used for various purposes by man such as in medicine and cosmetics.
The parts of the plants that may be used include the leaves, seeds, or flowers. The use of these plants' parts may include flavoring, food, medicine, or perfume.
However, some of these herbs that are used in medicine usually interact with conventional drugs and medicines especially when they are taken together. Sometimes, these interactions may be beneficial interactions, whereas, in some other instances, these interactions may be detrimental to the health of the individual taking them.
For example, research shows that taking the herbs ginkgo biloba and St. John's wort with warfarin and coumarin may result in prolonged bleeding time.
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which of the following statements about the ubiquitination of proteins are true? ubiquitin is a relatively small protein that is widely expressed in eukaryotic cells. it is covalently attached to target proteins in an atp-dependent reaction. a carboxyl group of ubiquitin forms amide bonds with free amines found on the target protein. target selection is determined by ubiquitin-protein ligases. view available hint(s)for part a which of the following statements about the ubiquitination of proteins are true? ubiquitin is a relatively small protein that is widely expressed in eukaryotic cells. it is covalently attached to target proteins in an atp-dependent reaction. a carboxyl group of ubiquitin forms amide bonds with free amines found on the target protein. target selection is determined by ubiquitin-protein ligases. only statements 2, 3, and 4 are correct. only statements 1, 2, and 4 are correct. only statements 1, 2, and 3 are correct. all of the listed statements are correct.
Among the following statements about the ubiquitination of proteins option, (B) only statements 1,2, and 4 are correct.
Ubiquitin is a small protein, discovered in 1975, having 76 amino acids that work as a regulator. It is present in all eukaryotic cells and controls the protein movement inside the cell. It also helps to produce new proteins and get rid of old, broken ones.
Option (B) includes 1, 2, and 4 which are as follows.
1. Ubiquitin is a relatively small protein that is widely expressed in eukaryotic cells.
2. It is covalently attached to target proteins in an ATP-dependent reaction.
4. Target selection is determined by ubiquitin-protein ligases.
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which intervertebral foramina are demonstrated on an ap axial oblique projection of the cervical spine
The foramen and pedicle closest to the IR is demonstrated on an AP axial oblique projection of the cervical spine.
The positioning of the intervertebral foramina present on the cervical spine is positioned axially and this can be studied using the medical diagnostic technique of Radiography.
On the AP reviews of the cervical spine of the bodies, C3 to C7 can be easily visualized. However in younger bodies, C1 - C2 is easily visualized. Along with these the uncovertebral (Luschka) joints and the intervertebral disk spaces are also well demonstrated.
The anatomical structures are best demonstrated by the AP axial oblique projection are farthest away intervertebral foramina in the film and those structures demonstrated by PA axial oblique projection are nearest intervertebral foramina in the film .
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why is corn, instead of some other feedstock such as switchgrass, used to produce ethanol in the u.s.?
The simple sugars of corn are easier to convert to ethanol than the complex cellulose of switchgrass.
Ethanol in Corn-based ethanol contains very little of the energy needed to make it, but fuel made from switchgrass, a native grassland plant found in the Great Plains region, contains and contains more than five times the energy required to produce it. The value of corn as a feedstock for ethanol production is due to the large amount of carbohydrates, especially starch, contained in corn (Table 1). Starch can be processed fairly easily to break it down into simple sugars, which can then be fed to yeast to make ethanol.
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Regarding an allelic pair for flower color in snapdragons, heterozygotes have pink flowers, whereas the two homozygotes have red flowers or white flowers. When plants with red flowers are crossed with plants with white flowers, what proportion of the offspring is expected to have pink flowers?.
Heterozygotes have pink flowers, Proportion of the offspring is expected to have pink flowers is 100%.
What is heterozygote ?You have a heterozygous genotype for that gene if the two versions vary. Being heterozygous for hair color, for example, means you have one allele for red hair and one allele for brown hair. The interaction of the two alleles influences which qualities are expressed.Allele pairings are described using the phrases homozygous and heterozygous. Individuals that have two identical alleles (RR or rr) are said to be homozygous. Individual organisms with various alleles (Rr) are referred to as heterozygous.To learn more about heterozygous refer,
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