Although not all cells have cell walls, they can be found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. A structure outside the plasma membrane is the cell wall, which is seen in Figure 1's depiction of a plant cell.
A cell wall is not present in every cell, although every cell has a cell membrane. Since cell walls are so tough, moving the cell is more difficult. Cell walls differ between bacterial and plant cells because they can be composed of a range of materials. Moreover, there are a few cells that literally do not have cell wall and they are known as animal cells.
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dual innervation means that an individual effector
An individual effector is said to have dual innervation if it gets information both from parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. Heart rate is negatively impacted by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
The dual innervation of many sensory receptors of a autonomic nervous system means that they receive opposing signals from the parasympathetic and sympathetic ganglia. The preganglionic neuron has its cell body in the brainstem or the lateral horn of the grey matter of the spinal cord, where it develops in the central nervous system. This neuron's axon travels to an autonomic ganglion outside the central nervous system, where it connects to a postganglionic neuron. The effector tissue is innervated by this neuron.
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which molecule did carl woese study to produce his tree of life?
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules were studied by Carl Woese as he created his tree of life.
The three distinct domains that the this tree was the first to divide all known lifeforms into were bacteria, archaea, and eukaryota. Because it exposed the shortcomings of the traditional two-kingdom classification system, which classified all living things as either plants or animals, this tree of life was revolutionary.
This new classification system was developed using Woese's research on rRNA molecules. RRNA molecules are found in all living cells and can be used to compare and contrast the differences between various species.
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In stabilizing selection, what occurs in a population?
a. The population shifts toward one of two extreme phenotypes.
b. Both extreme phenotypes shift toward the middle.
c. The intermediate phenotype becomes more common.
d. The intermediate phenotype becomes rare.
The intermediate phenotype becomes more common In stabilizing selection
When stabilizing selection occurs, what happens in a population?
When natural selection favors an average phenotype and excludes extreme deviations, stabilizing selection reduces the genetic variance of a population. When exposed to environmental changes, a population's genetic variation shifts toward a new phenotype, which is known as directional selection.
The population undergoes stabilizing selection when selective pressures choose between two extremes of a trait. For instance, stabilizing selection may have an impact on plant height. If a plant is too short, it might not be able to compete for sunlight with other plants.
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How do you solve the transcribe lexicon in Skyrim?
The Transcribe Lexicon puzzle is a quest objective in the game "The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim", which involves solving a puzzle to transcribe the contents of a Dwemer lexicon.
Here are the steps to solve the puzzle:
Obtain the Blank Lexicon: The quest "Unfathomable Depths" will lead you to a Dwarven ruin called Avanchnzel, where you will find a quest item called the Blank Lexicon. Retrieve it and proceed with the quest.Find the Lexicon Receptacle: After completing the "Unfathomable Depths" quest, you will be given the "Discerning the Transmundane" quest. Follow the quest marker to reach the Tower of Mzark, which is located in the Blackreach region. Inside the tower, you will find the Lexicon Receptacle, which is a large Dwemer machine.Place the Blank Lexicon in the Receptacle: Activate the Lexicon Receptacle and place the Blank Lexicon in the slot provided.Solve the Puzzle: The puzzle consists of two parts: first, you need to rotate the outer ring of the lexicon to match the sequence of glowing patterns on the receptacle. To do this, interact with the lever on the right side of the receptacle, which will rotate the outer ring. Keep rotating it until the sequence on the outer ring matches the one on the receptacle.To learn more about Transcribe Lexicon refer to this link
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which type of muscle fiber has a large quantity of glycogen and mainly uses glycolysis to synthesize atp? view available hint(s)for part e which type of muscle fiber has a large quantity of glycogen and mainly uses glycolysis to synthesize atp? white fast twitch fibers red slow twitch fibers
Possess fewer mitochondria than slow-twitch fibers yet consume more ATP. primary method of obtaining energy is glycolysis. possess lower fatigue resistance than slow-twitch fibers.
The energy requirements of the brain are astounding in both their intensity and their dynamic variation from instant to moment. This viewpoint focuses on the cellular mechanisms that underlie the transitory metabolic response of the brain to acute activity and takes into account the evidence for Warburg-like aerobic glycolysis. The notion of an astrocyte-to-neuron lactate shuttle, wherein during stimulation, lactate created by enhanced glycolysis in astrocytes is taken up by neurons as their main energy source, resulted from the brief uncoupling between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Direct support for this theory, however, is missing. Instead, data suggests that neurons can boost their own glycolysis in response to stimulation and that they may export lactate rather than import it.
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What is the probability that both heterozygous parents will contribute a recessive allele for any given trait?
The probability of inheriting the recessive trait from both parents is 25% .
According to the product rule when two alleles independently assort the probability of them occurring together is calculated by each of the probability.
Since each allele is a 1/2 chance of 50% probability to be in inherited from either parent is 1/2*1/2=1/4 or 25%
There is a 50% x 50% = 25% chance that both of the offspring's alleles are dominant. There is a 50% x 50% = 25% chance that both of the offspring's alleles are recessive.
This is due to the fact that for a recessive phenotype to be expressed, two recessive alleles must be present (bb). A homozygous dominant child would have a 25% probability of being born, whereas a heterozygous child would have a 50% chance of being born.
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Woolly mammoths became extinct around 4,000 years ago. A recent study conducted by scientists found that the last generations of woolly mammoths were plagued by harmful gene mutations. Some of the mutations caused them to have softer fur that didn’t protect them from the cold, a diminished sense of smell, and digestive problems.
A species potential for evolution is based on four factors:
the potential for a species to increase in number
the heritable genetic variation of individuals in a species due to mutation and sexual reproduction
organisms competing for limited resources such as food or water in their environment
the proliferation of those organisms that are better able to survive and reproduce in the environment
In two to three paragraphs, explain why the last generations of woolly mammoths couldn’t meet these factors to evolve in a changing environment. Also explain how data such as the fossil record and DNA evidence can identify the factors that can lead to the evolution of a species.
Answer:
Explanation:
The last generations of woolly mammoths were unable to meet the four factors for evolution because they were plagued by harmful gene mutations. These mutations caused a decrease in their fur density and thickness, making them vulnerable to the cold, as well as a decrease in their sense of smell and digestive problems. These traits made it difficult for them to find food and survive in their environment, leading to a decrease in population numbers.
Data such as fossil records and DNA evidence can be used to identify the factors that can lead to the evolution of a species. The fossil record provides a timeline of a species' physical characteristics and adaptations over time, while DNA evidence provides information about genetic changes and mutations. Both sources of data help scientists understand how species have evolved over time and why some species have become extinct. In the case of the woolly mammoths, the fossil record and DNA evidence revealed that harmful gene mutations were a significant factor in their extinction. By understanding the evolutionary factors that led to the extinction of the woolly mammoths, scientists can better understand how to protect other species from a similar fate.
which of the letters in the figure indicates the vagus nerve? a) A. b) B. c) C. d) D.
The parasympathetic cranial outflow includes the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X), which regulates the normal operation of the organs in the thoracic and upper abdominal cavities. Thus, option A is correct.
What is the parasympathetic cranial outflow?The third, seventh, ninth, and tenth cranial nerves, as well as the second and third sacral nerves, are the exit points for the neurones of the parasympathetic nervous system from the central nervous system. The craniofacial outflow is another name for this branch.
When there is a threat, the sympathetic nervous system gets the body ready for the “fight or flight” reaction.
Therefore, The parasympathetic nervous system, on the other hand, prevents the body from overworking itself and returns it to a calm, collected state.
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when we exhale we breathe this plus carbon dioxide
When we exhale, we breathe out a mixture of gases, including carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), nitrogen (N2), and trace amounts of other gases.
However, the composition of exhaled air can vary depending on several factors, such as our metabolic rate and the amount of oxygen we consume. In general, the exhaled air from a healthy person contains approximately 16% oxygen, 4% carbon dioxide, and 78% nitrogen, as well as small amounts of other gases. Therefore, while we do exhale carbon dioxide, we also exhale other gases as well. We exhale carbon dioxide (CO2) because it is a waste product of cellular respiration, which is the process by which our body produces energy from the food we eat. When we breathe in oxygen (O2), it is transported to our cells where it is used to break down glucose and other nutrients to produce energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
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the inferior, conical end is called the ______. it projects slightly anteroinferiorly toward the left side of the body.
The inferior, conical end is called the apex. It projects slightly anteroinferiorly toward the left side of the body. The inferior border is formed by the right ventricle. A person's foundation is their human body. It is composed of several cell types that come together to create tissues and, eventually, organ systems.
They ensure homeostasis and the survival of the human body. It has a trunk, a head with hair, a neck, hands, legs, and feet. It also has limbs and legs. The thorax and belly are parts of the trunk. In-depth research is done on human anatomy, physiology, histology, and embryology. Human anatomy is distinct from that of other animals. The core subjects of physiology are the systems and organs of the human body and how they function. The consistent presence of safe blood chemical concentrations, such as oxygen and sugar, is known as homeostasis.
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what is the name of the differentiation technique that causes bacteria to turn either pink or purple?
The name of the differentiation technique that causes bacteria to turn either pink or purple is Gram staining.
This gram staining technique is named after the Hans Christian Gram, who developed the staining method in 1884. The Gram stain is a widely used laboratory technique that is used to differentiate bacterial species based on the characteristics of their cell walls. Gram-positive bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan in their cell walls, which causes them to retain the purple crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining process. Gram-negative bacteria have a thinner layer of peptidoglycan in their cell walls, which makes them more resistant to the stain and causes them to appear pink or red after being counterstained with safranin. The Gram stain is important in microbiology and is routinely used to identify and classify bacterial species.
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which of the following structures is shared by prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? a. intermediate filaments b. plasma membrane surrounding the cytoplasm c. spliceosomes d. mitochondria e. microtubules
The correct answer is option b. The plasma membrane encircles the cytoplasm.
A cell's cytoplasm is surrounded by a thin, semi-permeable barrier known as the plasma membrane. It is composed of proteins, molecules of cholesterol, and a bilayer of phospholipids.
This membrane serves as a barrier that selectively permits some molecules to enter and exit the cell while blocking the entry of other molecules. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have a plasma membrane, and both types of cells use it for the same thing.
The plasma membrane, which serves as the cell's outermost layer in prokaryotic organisms, regulates how chemicals enter and exit the cell.
The plasma membrane, which is surrounded by the cell wall in eukaryotic cells, regulates the flow of chemicals into and out of the cell. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have an important structural and functional component called the plasma membrane, which is crucial to the survival of the cells.
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organisms a, b, and c all live in the same habitat where both glucose and lactose sugars are plentiful. over a period of time, the glucose reserves disappear and only lactose remains as a food source. a: can digest lactose and glucose equally well b: preferentially digests glucose and is not as efficient at extracting energy from lactose, but can partially digest it c: can digest glucose and fructose equally well but cannot digest lactose which statement expresses what is likely to be observed in this habitat two months after the glucose has disappeared? group of answer choices the population is made up of mostly organism a and a smaller population of organism b organisms a, b, and c are present in equal numbers organisms b and c are present in equal numbers and organism a has disappeared organism a is the only one left because b and c have disappeared
Based on the information provided, two months after the glucose has disappeared, it is likely that the population of organisms A will dominate the habitat because it is the only organism that can digest lactose.
Organism A can digest both lactose and glucose equally well, while organism B can preferentially digest glucose and is less efficient at extracting energy from lactose. Organism C cannot digest lactose, but can digest glucose and fructose equally well. As glucose reserves disappear and lactose remains as the only food source, organisms A and B will compete for the lactose. However, since organism A can digest lactose while organism B is less efficient at extracting energy from lactose, it is likely that organism A will be better adapted to the new food source and will outcompete organism B. Organism C cannot digest lactose, so it will not be able to survive in this habitat once the glucose has disappeared.
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A dichotomous key for trees is provided. Hikers found a tree that has large brown cones and single sharp needles. What species of tree have the hikers found?JuniperPineSpruceFir
Based on the given characteristics of large brown cones and single sharp needles, the hikers have likely found a pine tree.
A dichotomous key is a tool used to identify unknown organisms by answering a series of yes or no questions based on their characteristics. In this case, the characteristics used to identify the tree were the presence of large brown cones and single sharp needles. By following the key, it was determined that the tree was a pine.
Pine trees are coniferous trees that belong to the Pinus genus. They are known for their needle-like leaves, which can be found in bundles of 2-5 depending on the species. Pine cones are also a distinctive feature of the trees, with different species producing cones of varying sizes and colors. Pines are commonly found in temperate and subtropical regions of the world and are widely used for lumber and paper production.
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which materials are broken down by the enzymes during the modification of barley?
Micropyle and the Husk
Cell walls and protein
Yeast adn Hops
Pericarp testa
Cell walls and protein are the materials that are broken down by the enzymes during the modification of barley.
Malting is a practice in applied biochemistry, particularly enzymology. The molecules of carbohydrate, protein, and nucleic acid held in barley grains are neither appropriate nutrition for brewing yeast nor promote the fermentation events performed by brewing yeasts.
During "malting," barley seeds are germinated under regulated circumstances, causing degradative enzymes to develop and begin hydrolyzing starch, protein, and nucleic acid molecules into tiny molecules required at various stages of the brewing process.
The green malt is kilned (gently dried with heat) and the rootlets are removed to stop the malting process. Little of the starch has been converted to sugars at this point, but around 70% of the protein that has to be solubilized during malting and mashing has already been rendered soluble.
The amount of free amino nitrogen (FAN) emitted during malting is currently unknown. Modification is a catch-all word for all of the polymer-degrading reactions that occur during malting. If malting is allowed to continue for an extended period of time, the malt produced will be overmodified and will not create beers of ideal quality.
The correct options are Cell walls and Proteins.
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lucose is often present in very low concentrations in environments populated by microorganisms. to import the maximum amount of available glucose, cells use:
Active transport in cellular biology is the movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane against the concentration gradient from one area of lower concentration to another.
This movement necessitates active transport, which uses cellular energy. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is used in primary active transport, whereas an electrochemical gradient is used in secondary active transport.
Active transportation options include:
macrophage phagocytosis of bacteriaHeart muscle cells release calcium ions.White blood cell defence against invading illnesses; protein release from a variety of cells, including enzymes, peptide hormones, and antibodies; transportation of amino acids across the intestinal epithelium in the human intestine.Learn more about amino acids here:
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What did Rosalind Franklin contribute to the field of science and how did here work impact society?
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), a component of chromosomes that serves to encode genetic information, was discovered to have a molecular structure by a British scientist most renowned for her contributions to that research.
What Rosalind Franklin contribute to the field of science?Dr. Rosalind Franklin's X-ray diffraction research at King's College contributed to the 1953 discovery of the DNA structure.
She established the double-helix structure of deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule responsible for carrying out the genetic instructions for the development of all living things, by creating the famous Photo 51.
The diagnosis of genetic abnormalities, and the development of new medications, have all been significantly improved by an understanding of the structure and function of DNA. It is essential for identifying pathogens as well.
Therefore, The exploration of disease pathways, the evaluation of a person's genetic predisposition to particular diseases.
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Which plant organelle transforms light into glucose to use as food?
The plant organelle that transforms light into glucose to use as food is the chloroplast. Option C is correct.
Chloroplasts are specialized organelles found in the cells of green plants and algae that contain the green pigment chlorophyll, which allows them to absorb light energy.
Through the process of photosynthesis, chloroplasts convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose and other organic molecules, which can be used by the plant as a source of food and energy.
Chloroplasts produce energy through the photosynthesis and oxygen-release processes, which sustain the plant growth as well as crop yield. As such, chloroplasts are responsible for the biosynthesis of the active compounds such as amino acids, vitamins, lipids, phytohormones, nucleotides, and secondary metabolites.
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--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is
"Which plant organelle transforms light into glucose to use as food? Options A) Cell wall B) Mitochondria C) Chloroplast D) Vacuole"--
Why would modeling the process of protein synthesis be important to understanding this concept?
A. The process of protein synthesis is abstract and microscopic.
B. The process of protein synthesis is too simplistic to understand without a model.
C. The process of protein synthesis is best understood through a mathematical model.
D. The process of protein synthesis can only be represented by a 3-Dimensional model.
It is important to understanding this concept is by The process of protein synthesis is abstract and microscopic.
What is protein?
Protein is a macronutrient that is essential for the growth and repair of tissues in the body. It is composed of amino acids and is found in many foods, such as meat, fish, eggs, dairy, beans, nuts, and seeds. Protein is used by the body to build and maintain muscle, bones, skin, and other tissues, as well as to make hormones, enzymes, and other important molecules.
Modeling the process of protein synthesis would be important to understanding this concept because the process is abstract and microscopic, which makes it difficult to observe and comprehend without some form of representation. A model can provide a simplified and visual representation of the complex processes involved in protein synthesis, which can aid in understanding the mechanisms and interactions that occur at the molecular level.
Therefore, option A. The process of protein synthesis is abstract and microscopic is the correct answer.
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Does vasodilation cause shivering?
Vasodilation is a response to too much heat, in which more blood can reach near the skin and consequently lose its heat to the air, so it generally does not cause you to shiver.
What is vasodilation?Vasodilation is the medical term for the dilatation of blood vessels. The smooth muscle cells in the artery walls, particularly those of the bigger veins, arteries, and smaller arterioles, relax as a result of this. The opposite of the process is called vasoconstriction, which is the narrowing of blood vessels.
When blood arteries enlarge, increasing blood flow, there is a decrease in vascular resistance and an increase in cardiac output[more information is needed]. Dilation of arterial blood vessels decreases blood pressure as a result. There is a chance for both intrinsic and extrinsic reactions. Additionally, the response may be global or restricted to a specific organ depending on the metabolic needs of a given tissue, such as during strenuous exercise.
Vasodilators are substances found in nature and drugs that expand blood arteries.
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the flowering locus c gene, or flc gene, is found in certain plants responsible for flowering. the flc gene is expressed in seedlings, which prevents the plant from flowering. once the temperature drops, the expression of the flc gene drops, and the plants produce flowers. the flc gene is regulated at the epigenetic level. what type of epigenetic modifications are present in seedlings after the temperature drops?
In new seedlings, FLC gene expression is maintained through repressive epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation and histone modification.
After cold exposure, these repressive modifications are removed from the FLC gene, allowing the gene to be expressed and the plant to flower. This reduction in repressive modifications is an example of epigenetic regulation, where the regulation of gene expression is controlled by changes in the chromatin structure, rather than changes to the DNA methylation itself. The exact type of modifications present in new seedlings and after cold exposure are dependent on the specific plant species being studied and may vary among species. However, DNA methylation and histone modification are common types of epigenetic modifications that have been implicated in the regulation of the FLC gene in various plant species.
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The complete Question is:
Flowering Locus C (FLC) is a gene that is responsible for flowering in certain plants.
FLC is expressed in new seedlings, which prevents flowering.
Upon exposure to cold temperatures, FLC expression decreases and the plant flowers.
FLC is regulated through epigenetic modifications.
What type of epigenetic modifications are present in new seedlings and after cold exposure?
What is it called when the membrane potential becomes more positive?
The membrane is thought to be depolarized if the cell membrane shifts from being negative to being positive relative to the resting potential.
The membrane is referred to as being hyperpolarized if its potential is more negative than when it is at its resting potential. Hyperpolarized is another word for hyperpolarizing. transitive verb: to increase the possibility of distinction all over (a biological membrane) verb intransitive: to experience or cause the potential for difference across something to increase.
The unequal distribution of ions (alpha particles) inside and outside the cell, as well as the membrane's varying permeability to various ions, determine the resting membrane potential.
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What does the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure suggest?
A fluid mosaic model of membrane structure suggests that the membrane consists of protein molecules embedded in a liquid bilayer of phospholipids.
What does fluid mosaic model of membrane structure mean?Fluid Mosaic model has been proposed by S.J. Singer and Garth L. Nicolson. The fluid mosaic model describes the cell membrane as a carpet of multiple types of molecules (phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins) in constant motion. This movement helps the cell membrane maintain its role as a barrier between the inside and outside of the cellular environment.
What are conclusions of the fluid mosaic model?Fluid mosaic models have been demonstrated for gross tissue, protein structure, and lipids in bio-membrane. This model is consistent with the necessary constraints of thermodynamics. Proteins, which are an integral part of membranes, are a heterogeneous set of globular molecules in this model.
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what does it mean when we say that there are several ""checkpoints"" that occur during the cell cycle?
When we say that there are several "checkpoints" that occur during the cell cycle, it means that there are specific points during the cell cycle where the cell checks for certain conditions before proceeding to the next stage of the cycle.
The checkpoints in a cell cycle are like a mechanism that monitors the order, integrity, and fidelity of each primary event in the cell cycle. They help to ensure that the cell is ready to move on to the next stage and that there are no problems, such as DNA damage or incomplete replication, that could cause problems later on in the cell cycle. Besides that, these checkpoints also control how many cells are reproduced. The three main checkpoints in the cell cycle are the G1 checkpoint, the G2 checkpoint, and the Spindle checkpoint.
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Suggest a reason for why there are more bunnies with short teeth than long teeth when food is limited
Long-toothed rabbits have an advantage when consuming food. When long teeth seem to be prevalent, this mutation, unlike the others, will spread throughout the population.
Rabbits without long teeth have a higher mortality rate and are unable to pass on their genetic traits to their progeny. By selecting for either long or short teeth, natural selection aids in this adaptation. Rabbits with long teeth would be able to eat well, but those with short teeth wouldn't be able to break branches. The development of this trait is aided by a mutation or hereditary variation, and those who survive will indeed pass on long teeth attribute to their progeny.
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Does increased sympathetic stimulation cause vasodilation?
On the other hand, elevating the metabolic rate of muscle fibers results in vasodilation.
What does vasodilation do to the body?Vasodilation is a method for improving blood flow to body parts that are deficient in oxygen and/or nutrients. This fall in blood pressure is brought on by the vasodilation, which increases blood flow and decreases systemic vascular resistance (SVR).
What is an example of vasodilation?Among the most typical are: Vasodilation makes it possible for more nutrients and oxygen to reach the muscle during exercise. Alcohol: Alcohol naturally dilates blood vessels. Alcohol-induced vasodilation can cause some persons to feel heated or have face skin flush.
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A membrane that is permeable to only certain substances is said to be ___________ permeable
Answer:
Semi-permeable
Explanation:
Semi means 'half of a value'
A semi-permeable membrane only lets in certain substances.
One way to remember this is like a bouncer in at a club, it only allows certain people to enter.
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What cell organelle is the site of aerobic cell respiration?
Ochloroplast
nucleus
ribosome
mitochondria
Answer:Mitochondria
Explanation:The Mitochondria is known as the powerhouse of the cell and it is the site of aerobic cell respiration.
Answer: Mitochondria is the site of aerobic cell respiration.
Explanation: Aerobic respiration is the biological process in which food glucose is converted into energy in the presence of oxygen. This type of respiration is common in most plants, animals, birds, humans, and other mammals.
Mitochondria are organelles that have membranes specialized for aerobic respiration. Oxidation of chemical substances takes place in mitochondria. It absorbs oxygen and releases energy and carbon dioxide. So, that is why respiration takes place in Mitochondria.
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Genetic drift occurs more often in exogamous human groups. TRUE or FALSE
Genetic drift occurs more often in exogamous human groups. This statement is false.
Genetic drift is a random process that can occur in any population, regardless of whether it is exogamous or endogamous. Exogamy refers to the practice of seeking a spouse from outside one's own social group, while endogamy refers to the practice of seeking a spouse from within one's own social group. While exogamy can increase genetic diversity in a population, it does not necessarily make the population more or less prone to genetic drift. The occurrence and magnitude of genetic drift in a population is influenced by a number of factors, exogamous including population size, mating patterns, and genetic variation. Small populations are more susceptible to genetic drift, because chance events can have a greater impact on the frequency of alleles. Conversely, large populations are less susceptible to genetic drift, because chance events are less likely to have a significant impact on the frequency of alleles.
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What are two ways lysosomes can be activated?
Lysosomes can be activated by joining forces with an ageing organelle and a phagocytosed food vesicle.
Describe lysosomes.A lysosome is a membrane-bound organ system of a cell that includes digesting enzymes. Many biological processes involve lysosomes. They disassemble extra or damaged cell components. They could be applied to eliminate invading germs and viruses. Lysosomes can assist a cell in self-destruction through a process known as programmed cell death, or apoptosis, if the damage is irreparable.
The lysosome is an one kind of acidic organelle there at moment. It must therefore be shielded from the interior of the rest of the cell. Thus, the digestive enzymes that must be kept in an acidic, low-pH environment are housed in a compartment with a membrane surrounding it. These hydrolytic enzymes break large molecules into smaller ones.
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