Not a timed or graded assignment. Quick answer showing what whole numbers I need to put in = amazing review

Answer:

383 joules

Explanation:

Energy = mass * delta T * c
c=0.235
delta t = 275 - 112 = 163
mass = 10

10 * 163 * 0.235 =  383.05 joules = 383 joules.

I didn't include units because i'm too lazy to and the units cancel out to joules anyways but you should probably include units in your answer

Gibbs energy of a reaction can be calculated from the Helmholtz equation as follows: ΔG = ΔH - TΔS. The ΔG for the given reaction is 333214.2 J.

Gibbs energy G is the energy stored in a system which is balanced from the energy for work done. The equation to find Gibbs energy change is as follows: ΔG = ΔH - TΔS.

The enthalpy change or ΔH is the difference of total enthalpy of products from the total enthalpy of reactants. In calculation, the standard enthalpy of each species in the reaction must be multiplied with their coefficients.

From the given standard values, ΔH is calculated as follows:

ΔH = ΔH (products) - ΔH (reactants).

     = [(2× -733.8) + (3 × -393.5)] -  [(-824.5) + (13 × -110.5)]

     = - 2035.8 KJ/mol

The entropy change ΔS can be calculated in a similar way from the given values as follows:

ΔS =  [(2× 445.2) + (3 × 213.6)] -  [(87.4) + (13 × 197.6)]

     = -1125 J/(mol K)

The temperature is 298 K thus ΔG can be calculated as follows:

ΔG = ΔH - TΔS

     = - 2035.8 KJ/mol -(-1125 J/(mol K) × 298 K)

     = 333214.2 J

Therefore, the Gibbs energy change ΔG for the given reaction is 333214.2 J.

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The molarity of KCl is 0.5 Molar when it is dissolved in 450 mL of water.

What is molarity?

The amount of a substance in a specific volume of solution is known as its molarity (M). The number of moles of a solute per liter of a solution is known as molarity. The molar concentration of a solution is its other name.

Given,

Weight of KCl (w) = 82.4 g

Volume of water (v)= 450 mL

We know that,

Molecular mass of KCl (W)= 74.5

Molarity =   w/W × v/1000

             =    82.4/74.5 × 450/1000

             =    1.1 × 0.45

             =    0.5 M

Therefore, the molarity of 82.4 g of KCl in 450 mL water is 0.5 M.

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The final temperature of the solution assuming that no heat is lost 22.14°C.

The specific heat of a substance is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of the unit mass (1 kg) of a substance by one degree.

As the beaker is insulated so the heat gain by ethanol will be equal to the heat lost by water.

Q = m c ΔT

The mass of the ethanol, m₁ = density × Volume = 0.789 × 45 = 35.5 g

The density and volume of water are 1.0 g/ml and 45 ml respectively.

The mass of the water, m₂ = density × Volume =  45 g

Heat gained by ethanol = Heat lost by water

m₁ × C₁× (T₂ - T₁) = - m₂ × C₂ ×(T₂ - T₁')    ------------(1)                      

The initial temperature of ethanol, T₁ = 8° C

The initial temperature of the water, T'₁ = 28.6° C

The specific heat of ethanol, C₁ = 2.42J/(g⋅°C)

The specific heat of water, C₂ = 0.450 J/g°C

Substitute the values in the above-written equation (1)

35.5 × 2.42J/(g⋅°C × (T₂ - 8° C) = 45 × (4.184 J/g°C) ×(28.6°C - T₂)

T₂ - 8° C = 2.192  ×(28.6°C - T₂)

T₂ - 8° C  = 62.68 -  2.192 T₂

3.192 T₂ = 70.68

T₂ = 22.14 °C

Hence, the final temperature of the mixture is equal to 22.14°C.

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Answer:

In a chemical reaction, the reactants react with each other to produce two or more products.

Single replacement reaction is also called single displacement reaction. An

uncombined element replaces another element part of compound, or when

one element displaces the other element in a compound.

A general reaction as: A + BC  ->  AB + C

For example:  2HCl (aq)  +  Zn(s)       ZnCl₂(aq)  +  H₂(g)

(H replaces Zn)

Condition for the single replacement reactions:-

To identify a single replacement reaction easily, one more reactive element displaces another element from the compound. (Table J in reference tables)

A nonmetal can always displaces a non-metal and a metal displaces a metal.

Answer

1.8 °C

Explanation

Given data:

Mass of water, m = 100 g

Specific heat capacity of water, c = 4.2 J/g•°C

Quantity of heat added, Q = 750 J

What to find:

The degree increase in °C, ΔT

Step-by-step solution:

The formula relating specific heat and heat is given by:

To find ΔT, substitute, m = 100 g, c = 4.2 J/g•°C and Q = 750 J into the formula:

The degree in °C that 100 g of water increase, if 750 J are added to it, is 1.8 °C

Since the momentum after collision is equal to the momentum before collision, the momentum was conserved.

Let us recall that the principle of the conservation of linear momentum states that the momentum before collision is equal to the momentum after collision.

This implies that the total momentum of the system is constant. The momentum of the object does not change.

The total momentum before collision =  100 kg m/s  + 0 kg m/s = 100 kg m/s

Total momentum after collision = 94 kg m/s +  6 kg m/s = 100 kg m/s

Hence the momentum of the system is conserved.

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The cycles that involve molecules from the atmosphere being broken and rearranged into new molecules in living things are Carbon cycle and Nitrogen cycle.

The carbon cycle :

The carbon cycle is studied as two sub-cycles: One sub-cycle deals with rapid carbon exchange between the living organisms and the other deals with long-term carbon cycling by the various geologic processes. Carbon is present in the air as carbon dioxide. It gets dissolved in water and reacts with water molecules which produces bicarbonates. By land plants, bacteria, and algae, photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide into the organic molecules. These are made by photosynthesizers which are passed through the food chains. The cellular respiration forms carbon dioxide gas by converting the organic carbon.

When organic carbon gets stored for a longer term, it happens when matter from living organisms is deep in the ground or gets sink to the ocean bottom. It results in formation of sedimentary rock. Activities of volcano, and burning of fossil fuels brings the stored carbon in the carbon cycle.

The nitrogen cycle

The nitrogen cycle is a cycle of processes which repeats. During this cycle, nitrogen moves by the living and non-living things such as soil, water, plants, animals and bacteria. Microscopic living organisms which contains one cell. To move through the separate parts of the cycle, nitrogen change its forms. Nitrogen exists as a gas N₂ in the atmosphere, but in soil it is present as nitrogen oxide NO, and nitrogen dioxide NO₂. It is used as a fertilizer and found in other forms too like ammonia NH₃. It can be processed further in a fertilizer NH₄NO₃.

The five stages in the nitrogen cycle are nitrogen fixation, mineralisation, nitrification, immobilization, and denitrification. Microbes in the soil turns the nitrogen gas N₂ in volatile ammonia NH₃. Therefore, the fixation process is called nitrogen fixation. When a chemical like NO₃ moves away from the soil or other material and gets leaked into nearby areas,  it dissolves in the water and dips out the soil which pollutes the waterways.

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9.22 g of chlorine gas is produced by 5.83 litre of chlorine gas. 8.49 litre of neon is produced by 0.379 mol of neon.

1. Given chemical reaction produce 0.379 mole of neon at STP.

 We have to find the volume of the neon gas.

Now,

 At STP we know that,

1 mol of neon = 22.4 litre

0.379 mol of neon = 0.379 × 22.4 litre

Volume of neon = 8.49 litre

2. Given,

Volume of hydrogen gas = 50.45 litre

no. of moles of hydrogen =?

Now,

We know that,

 22.4 litre = 1mole of hydrogen

 50.45 litre of hydrogen = 50.45/22.4 mole of hydrogen

Moles of Hydrogen = 2.25 mole of hydrogen

3. Given ,

 Volume of chlorine gas = 5.83 litre

Mass of Chlorine = ?

Now,

we know that,

22.4 litre of chlorine = 35.45 g

5.83 litre of chlorine gas = 35.45×5.83/22.4 g of chlorine gas

Mass of Chlorine Gas = 9.22 g of chlorine gas

Thus, from the above conclusion we can say that, 9.22 g of chlorine gas is produced by 5.83 litre of chlorine gas.

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The law of conservation of mass states that the mass of substances in a chemical reaction can neither be created nor destroyed.

The law futher expatiates that the amount of substances on the reactant side of a chemical reaction is equal to the amount on the product side of the same chemical reaction.

According to the reaction in the image section of this question, methane is burned in air to produce carbondioxide and water molecules.

However, to fulfill the law of conservation of mass, equal number of atoms must be present for each element on both sides of the equation. When this occurs, the chemical equation is said to be balanced.

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The bonds between hydrogen and oxygen in water differ from the bonds between hydrogen and carbon in hydrocarbon's covalent bond.

Ionic bonds basically donate electrons to other atoms involved in the bond, whereas in covalent bonds electrons are shared equally between atoms. Only pure covalent bonds occur between identical atoms. A covalent bond involves the sharing of electrons between two or more atoms. An ionic bond is formed when two or more ions come together and are held together by a difference in charge.

There are two main types of bonds formed between atoms ionic bonds and covalent bonds. An ionic bond is formed when an atom gains or donates one or more valence electrons to another atom. Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share valence electrons. Polar covalent bonds are formed when electrons are shared unevenly between atoms, whereas non-polar covalent bonds are formed when electrons are shared more evenly between atoms.

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2mol C4H10 : 13mol O2

13mol O2 : 8mol CO2

Given the combustion of butane reaction expressed as:

In order to get the mole ratio, we will use the coefficient of the compound in the equation.

For the mole to mole ratio of C4H10 to O2

Coefficient of C4H10 in the equation is 2 while the coefficient of O2 in the equation is 13. Hence the mole ratio of C4H10 to O2 is 2mol C4H10 : 13mol O2

For the mole to mole ratio of O2 to CO2

Coefficient of CO2 in the equation is 8 while the coefficient of O2 in the equation is 13. Hence the mole ratio of O2 to CO2 is 13mol O2 : 8mol CO2

Explanation:

Percent yield can be calculated as follows:

So,

Answer:

Actual yield

Theoretical yield

Answer

The mass of C4H10 needed = 28 grams

Explanation

Given:

The mass of carbon dioxide formed = 85 grams

What to find:

The mass of C4H10 needed to form 85 grams of CO2.

Step-by-step solution:

Step 1: Write the balanced equation for the reaction.

Step 2: Convert 85 grams of CO2 formed into moles.

Using the atomic masses of C and O from the periodic table; the molar mass of CO2 = 44.01 g/mol.

So, the moles of CO2 in 85 grams CO2 can be calculated using the mole formula

Step 3: Determine the moles of C4H10 needed.

Using the mole ratio of C4H10 to CO2 in step 1 and the moles of CO2 formed in step 2; the moles of C4H10 needed is calculated as shown below.

Step 4: Convert the moles of C4H10 in step 3 above to grams.

From the periodic table, the molar mass of C4H10 can be determined to be = 58.12 g/mol.

Using the same mole formula used in step 2, the mass of C4H10 is

Therefore, the mass of C4H10 needed to form 85 grams of carbon dioxide is 28 grams

chromatin , grows ,  cell cycle .

interphase

The cell then replicates its chromosomes during a crucial interphase stage known as the S phase and makes sure that its systems are prepared for cell division. The cell is now prepared to enter the first stage of mitosis, assuming all circumstances are ideal.

Mitosis is now over  chromatin  is unwound.

Here the cell  grows   its chromosomes in preparation for another round of cell division.

One complete cell cycle  is from one cell division to the next.

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In redox reaction the oxidation state of reactant changes by gain and loss of electron. Which element will take the electron depends on the reduction potential of the element. The balanced redox reaction is

[tex]2Al+3Ni^{+2} \rightarrow2Al^{+3} +3Ni[/tex]

Redox reaction is the one in which the one element oxidizes by the loss of electron while the element reduces by taking that lost electron.

The Half reaction for [tex]Al[/tex] is

[tex]Al\rightarrow Al^{+3} +3e^{-}[/tex]

the half reaction for [tex]Ni[/tex] is

[tex]Ni^{+2}+2e^{-} \rightarrow Ni[/tex]

Now to balance the number of electron multiply first reaction by 2 and second reaction by 3 and add these reactions, we will get the balanced equation as

[tex]2Al+3Ni^{+2} \rightarrow2Al^{+3} +3Ni[/tex]

Thus the balanced redox reaction is [tex]2Al+3Ni^{+2} \rightarrow2Al^{+3} +3Ni[/tex]

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Explanation:

We are given: moles of Al(NO3)3 = 4 mol

: moles of NaCl = 9 mol

We know: molar mass of Al(NO3)3 = 212.996 g/mol

: molar mass of NaCl = 58.44 g/mol

: molar mass of NaNO3 = 84.9947 g/mol

The balanced chemical equation is given as:

Number of moles of NaNO3 from Al(NO3)3:

Number of moles of NaNO3 from NaCl:

Therefore, NaCl is a limiting reagent.

Answer:

The maximum amount of NaNO3 is 9 mol.

By balancing the chemical equation of the given reactants and products. And then use molar ratios and the number of moles to find the limiting reagent.

Since the reaction is

We would first need to balance it, but we can see that it was already balanced.

So, we can just apply the stoichiometry.

Assuming all the Na₂O react, we can just compair the coefficients of Na₂O and NaOH to calculate how much we need.

From the equation, we see that each 1 mol of Na₂O produce 2 moles of NaOH, so using rule of three we have:

Na₂O --- NaOH

x --- 1.57 mol

1 mol --- 2 mol

So we have the relation:

So, we need 0.785 mol of Na₂O.

We see that we have two carbon atoms. The nomenclature for two carbon atoms is Eth.

We also have a single bond between the two carbon atoms accompanied by hydrogens, so it is an alkane, so the name will be ethane.

The answer will be A) Ethane

First, let's review the concepts of mixtures and pure substance:

A substance is matter that has a uniform and definite composition. All samples of substances, sometimes called pure substances, have identical properties. Substances may be either elements or pure compounds. They may also be solid, liquid, or gas.

A mixture is a mixture of several substances and you can identify them as homogeneous (only contains one phase) or heterogeneous (contains more than a phase).

- Steel is a mixture because is formed of various elements that are metals and it's a homogeneous mixture because you only see one phase.

- Helium is a pure substance because is an element as you can see in the periodic table (Helium is the second element of the table).

- Carbon dioxide is a compound. A compound is the result of a reaction as an example and compounds are pure substances, so carbon dioxide is a pure substance.

- Tea is a mixture because water and other soluble compounds like sugar are mixed. In this case, is a homogeneous mixture because you only see one phase.

- Gold is an element like helium, you can find it in the periodic table of elements too. It is the 79th element, so is a pure substance.

- Olive oil is a substance pure because it is a compound and remember that compounds are pure substances too because it contains various elements that are combined chemically.

Answer:

Figure out the volume by either measuring the dimensions of the solid or using a measuring jug for a liquid. Convert any units as needed to get a number in meters cubed.

Put the object or material on a scale to figure out its mass.

Divide the mass by the volume to figure out the density (p = m / v).

Explanation:

Percent yield of water when 7.76g liquid hexane and 41.9 of oxygen reacts to form 6.36g of water is 84 %

Balanced equation for the reaction is

2 C₂H₁₄ + 19 O₂ ---> 12 CO₂ + 14 H₂O

1 mole of hexane = Given weight / molecular weight = 7.76 g x 1 mole / 130 g = 0.06 moles [Molecular mass of hexane = 130]

1 mole O₂ = 41.9 g x 1 mole / 32 g = 1.3 moles

Hydrogen is the limiting reactant in the reaction

Moles of H₂O = 0.06 moles H₂ x 14 H₂O / 2 CO₂ = 0.42 moles H₂O

Mass H₂O = 0.42 moles x 18 gm/mole = 7.56 g

Percent yield = (Actual yield / Theoretical yield) * 100 = (6.36 / 7.56) * 100 =  84 %

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To know if the plant will make enough oxygen for a human to survive on Mars, we need to calculate how much oxygen it produces using the photosynthesis equation ratio:

1 mole of Glucose --- 6 mol of oxygen

0.09 moles of Glucose --- x mol of oxygen

x = 0.54 moles of oxygen.

According to the data, a human needs 25 moles of oxygen per day to live and the plant produces just 0.54 moles of oxygen. One plant is not enough for a human to survive on Mars. We would need:

0.54 moles of oxygen ---- 1 plant

25 moles of oxygen ---- x plants

0.54x = 25

x = 46.3 plants

We would need 46.3 plants to produce enough oxygen for a human.

Answer:

density, redox properties, colligative properties, surface activity buffering capacity, rheological behaviour, conductivity, thermal properties and color.

Explanation:

Answer: an emulsion of fat, protein in water

Explanation:

Explanation:

By definition the substances that give ions when dissolved in water are called electrolytes. Electrolytes dissociate into cations (positively charged ions) and anions (negatively charged ions) when dissolved in water.

Answer: They break into ions

Now purity is the effective percentage of pure reactant in the total mass.

The rest is inert impurities.

They ask you to calculate the purity of the carbonate, so you have to focus on CaCO3

Let's calculate with the reaction:

CaCO3 (s) -----------------> CaO (s) + CO2 (g)

x 88.0 g

100 g CaCO3 ------- 44 g CO2

x ------- 88 g CO2

x = 200.16 g

Sample has 250 g of impurities. So:

Purity % = (200.16 g / 250 g impure) x 100 = 80.0 % of purity

The concentration of the solution is obtained as 0.134 M.

We know that titration is a method of analysis that depends on the volume of the solutions in order to determine the concertation.

We know that;

Total volume of the vinegar = 5 ml + 25 mL = 30 mL

Concentration of the sodium hydroxide =  0.1098M

Volume of the sodium hydroxide used = 37.83ml -  1.35 ml = 36.48 mL

Using the formula;

CAVA/CVB = NA/VB

CAVANB = CBVBNA

CA= CBVBNA/VANB

CA = 0.1098 * 36.48  * 1/30 * 1

CA = 0.134 M

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1) The continental drift theory explains the existence of Pangea as a supercontinent. 2) Between oceanic plates, between continental plates, between an oceanic and a continental plate. 3) technologies like submersibles, sonar, and satellites 4) because it explains volcanoes, mountains, and earthquakes formation and occurrence. 5) Abyssal plains, oceanic trenches, oceanic ridges, fracture zones, continental shelves.

Wegener proposed for the first time the theory of continental drift.

This theory states is based on the fact that the crust is divided into several plates that can displace over the flowing mantle. The continental drift theory explains how these movements have been taking place for millions of years ago.

Wegener thought that continents were once all together in one big continent named Pangea, and with time, they split and separated into many pieces. These pieces are the current continents.

This theory was heavily criticized and needed many pieces of evidence to be accepted. They involved paleontological, geological, and bathymetry evidence, among others.

Convergent boundaries refer to two plates moving forward to each other and ending up colliding and causing the deformation of one or both plates.

The thickest and oldest plate subduces and causes a deformation on the other plate edge, creating an oceanic trench through which magma rises. Island arcs or insular volcanic arcs are created.

Both plates are too light to subduce (equally dense), so neither of them sinks under the other one.

Occurs a vertical deformation on both plates' edges, which remain attached by a suture area. The result is an inland mountain chain formation.

The oceanic crust sinks under the continental plate, and magma rises to the surface by crevices.

The result is the formation of mountain chains or volcanic chains due to the deformation caused on the continental plate edge.

Different technologies are used to study the ocean floor. To mention a few,

The tectonic plates theory is based on the continual movements of the crust and might explain the movement of the different plates, and their directions and interactions.

This theory became important because it explains how volcanic formation occurs, how mountains emerge, and erathquakes are produced.  These events are closely related to tectonic plate movements and their interaction.

Divergent, convergent and transforming boundaries are always linked to these events.

There are five significant features,

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The temperature of the gas at the end of the compression stroke is 697.4 K.

The final temperature of the gas is calculated by applying ideal gas equation as shown below;

P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂

where;

T₂ = P₂V₂T₁ / P₁V₁

T₂ = (17.7 x 82.2 x 325) / (0.959 x 707)

T₂ = 697.4 K

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