These are the five steps in genetic engineering.
locating and obtaining the DNA of an organism with a particular trait.cloning the gene responsible for the phenotype.creating a gene with a particular expression pattern.transformation, which involves introducing the gene into a crop plant's cells.Transgene into a background with affluence.In the process of genetic engineering, DNA extraction comes first. This is achieved by taking a sample of bacteria that contains the desired gene and subjecting it to a series of procedures that isolate DNA from other components of the cell.
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A trait such as eye color, which shows extensive variation within a population is the result of __________ .
Answer:
probably natural selection but it could also be discontinous variation.
Explanation:
depends on what context is??
When a segment of chromosome 3 is removed and attaches to chromosome 5, what word do we use to describe what has happened?
When a segment of chromosome 3 is removed and attached to chromosome 5, we use the word exonucleolytic activity to describe what happened.
How important is the Exonucleolytic 3 → 5 activity of DNA polymerases?The 3' → 5' exonucleolytic activity of DNA polymerases is a self-correcting mechanism that allows them to check for the last nucleotide incorporated, correcting their own incorporation errors as they move along the DNA template.
What a chromosome?Chromosomes are structures formed by DNA, which in turn are composed of several genes and other nucleotides (DNA and RNA). They are found in all cells and each has specific functions.
With this information, we can conclude that we use the word exonucleolytic activity to describe what happened.
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In drosophila development, pattern development in the late embryo, larva, and adult is controlled by?
In drosophila development, pattern development in the late embryo, larva, and adult is controlled by homeotic type of gene.
In Drosophila, development is controlled by homeotic type of gene. The beginning phases of development are controlled by homeotic genes. The general body plan of Drosophila is the same in the embryo, the larva, and the adult, each of which has a distinct head end and a distinct tail end, between which are repeating segmental units .
Three of these segments form the thorax, while another eight segments form the abdomen. Two different sets of genes control embryonic development in Drosophila maternal-effect genes and zygotic genes.
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If plaque ruptures and weakens the artery walls, a(n) _______________ may form leading to ischemia
it is difficult for blood to clot in wound artery than in wounded vein
Explanation:
because the pressure exerted by artery is more than that of vein due to its narrow lumen and thick walls...causing it difficult to clot.
Aerobic respiration creates lactic acid as a by prodcut but prodcues far more atp than respiration.
a. true
b. false
False, aerobic respiration creates lactic acid as a by product but produces far more ATP than respiration. When lactic acid is ferment by certain bacteria which includes the bacteria in yogurt and also by human muscles cells when they are worked hard and fast.
In aerobic cell respiration which includes glycolysis + the kerbers cycle = respiratory electron transport that produce 36 ATP /glucose consumed. Aerobic respiration cell are 18 times more efficient than anaerobic cell respiration because in aerobic respiration more ATP than anaerobic respiration due to the complete oxidation of glucose to CO2 and water .
Now O2 acts as terminal electron accept in this electron transport chain and gets reduced to water.ATP are produced by oxidation phosphorylation in the electron transport chain.
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Assume that a man who is a carrier for a genetic disorder marries a woman who is also a carrier for the same disorder. They have two sons and a daughter. One of their sons is normal, the other son is a carrier, and the daughter shows the genetic disorder. Which of the following pedigree charts correctly represents this inheritance?
Answer:
asdd wa
Explanation:
d asdawd22
(03.02 MC)
Is this a scientific model? Use complete sentences to explain why or why not.
A graphic organizer showing the water cycle
the picture is the water cycle
The picture is a scientific model which is used to explain the concept of the water cycle by means of pictures and descriptions.
What is a scientific model?
A scientific model is a representation which may be in form of pictures, illustrations, objects, or ideas which are used to explain a particular concept by scientists.
Scientific models are usually employed to explain either difficult to understand concepts or scarcely observable phenomena in order to enrich the knowledge and comprehension of others.
The given illustration is an example of a scientific model. It is used to explain the concept of the water cycle. By means of pictures and descriptions, the various processes of the water cycle can be fully comprehended.
Also, by means of a cyclical illustration, the model helps to explain that the water cycle is a continuous repetitive process.
In conclusion, scientific models may be in form of pictures, illustrations or objects.
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A family has seven sons. The chance that there eighth child will be a daughter is
Answer:
One chance in two
Explanation:
A parent can only have one or the other meaning a son or daughter. Both the son and the daughter represent one half of a probability of having each one separately. On whether or not the parent will have a daughter as the eighth child, is completely irrelevant as a parent can only bare a son and daughter. This would mean they would have a one chance in two for either cases, but due to the context of the question, it would be for the daughter. So therefore, they would have one chance in two.
Thank you,
Eddie
Many bacteria facilitate the uptake of iron by secreting low molecular weight molecules, called ___________, to form complexes with the iron that can then be readily transported into the cell.
Many bacteria facilitate the uptake of iron by secreting low molecular weight molecules, called siderophores, to form complexes with the iron that can then be readily transported into the cell.
What are siderophores?Siderophores are natural or synthetic, low molecular weight molecules which have a high binding affinity to iron.Microorganisms like bacteria and fungi secrete these molecules to enhance iron uptake through the cell.Iron is abundant in the earth’s crust but it is not readily available in soluble form.Siderophores can chelate iron (form water soluble complexes). This complex is then taken up by the cell through membrane receptors.These are the strongest and largest class of iron chelators known thus providing the much needed iron to the microorganisms.Siderophores can also form complexes with aluminium, copper, zinc, manganese, cadmium, lead, etc.Learn more about Siderophores here:
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New techniques to produce cells with the characteristics of embryonic stem cells include?
New techniques to produce cells with the characteristics of embryonic stem cells include Parthenogenesis, retroviral transduction of transcription factor genes into adult skin cells (iPS), and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
What is embryonic stem cells?Pluripotent stem cells called embryonic stem cells are produced from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, a preimplantation embryo in its early stages. Four to five days after fertilization, human embryos reach the blastocyst stage, consisting of 50 to 150 cells.Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are stem cells that come from an embryo's core mass of undifferentiated cells.In laboratories, typically fertility clinics, 4- to 6-day-old embryos are used to produce human embryonic stem cells. The core embryonic cells are taken out and put in a dish with the nutrients they require to thrive.Theoretically, embryonic stem cells are capable of mass-producing any kind of tissue. These cells are used by researchers to investigate disease and development in the hopes of developing therapies. A single embryo's two or three dozen cells can produce millions of embryonic stem cells in about six months.Learn more about embryonic stem cell here:
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It is confusing that genes and proteins are given the same name, such as epas1. let’s sort them out with the basics. a gene is a section of what type of molecule?
It is confusing that genes and proteins are given the same name, such as epas1. A gene is a section of DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid.
A gene is the basic structural and functional unit of heredity. Genes contain instructions which directs the cells to synthesize molecules called proteins. Proteins perform various functions in the body required for maintenance of health of an individual.
The EPAS1 gene, also called as HIF2A , delivers instructions for the synthesis of a protein known as hypoxia-inducible factor 2-alpha (HIF-2α). This protein is a part or subunit of a larger protein complex called HIF, which plays a crucial role in the body's capacity to adjust to dynamic oxygen levels.
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In the electron transport chain, protons are pumped from where to where in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells?
In the electron transport chain, protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space, and oxygen is reduced to form water.
The energy derived from the transfer of electrons through the electron transport chain is used to pump protons, as a result, an electrochemical gradient is generated, consisting of a proton gradient and a membrane potential.
The energy created by the formation of this gradient is then harnessed to form ATP as the protons travel down their gradient into the matrix through the ATP synthase channel.
The electron transport and ATP production occur simultaneously and are tightly coupled.
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In which zone would you expect to find the greatest abundance of marine organisms? middle intertidal zone supralittoral zone high littoral zone low intertidal zone
High littoral zone has greatest abundance of marine organisms.
What is High littoral zone?The intertidal zone, also known as the "littoral zone," refers to the seashore that is covered during high tide and exposed during low tide, revealing a unique biome that survives under such fluctuating conditions.
Where are most marine organisms found?The majority of ocean life can be found in coastal habitats on the continental shelf, despite the fact that this area accounts for only 7% of total ocean area. The majority of open ocean habitats are found in the deep ocean beyond the continental shelf. Species that live in the oceans and on the coasts can help to create new habitats.
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A point mutation that does not result in a change to the amino acid coded for is said to be a _______ mutation. a. spontaneous c. selective b. synonymous d. stabilizing
A point mutation that does not result in a change to the amino acid coded for is said to be a synonymous mutation.
What is synonymous mutation?
A synonymous mutation is a change in a protein's amino acid sequence that occurs in the DNA sequence that codes for that amino acid but does not affect the encoded amino acid. These alterations typically take place in the third position of a codon because of the genetic code's redundancy (several codons encode the same amino acid).
For instance, the codes for glycine are GGT, GGA, GGC, and GGG. The identical amino acid will be integrated into the protein sequence with any modification in the codon's third position (for example, A is replaced by G).
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In primary succession, do biotic or abiot elements arrive first? use examples when explaning your response
Biotic components arrive first in primary succession.
What is ecological succession?Ecological succession is the gradual change in the composition of an ecosystem over a particular time.
Ecological succession can either be;
Primary successionSecondary successionPrimary succession occurs when newly formed rock is preoccupied by living organisms called pioneers for the first time.
On the other hand, secondary succession occurs when an area that was previously occupied by living organisms is disturbed and then reoccupied after the disturbance.
This suggests that the first component of an ecosystem to occupy the substrate during primary succession is biotic components like lichen, grasses etc.
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When stomata are open and a plant is transpiring normally, how does water move from the soil into the root xylem? select all that apply.
When stomata are open and a plant is transpiring normally, movement of water from the soil into the root xylem is brought about by:-
Pressure generated by roots which pumps water upwards in the plant. Without any additional work done on the fluid by the plant.Evaporation from the leaves in the form of transpiration.In 1895, the Irish plant physiologists H. H. Dixon and J. Joly suggested that water is pulled up the plant by tension or negative pressure from above.
As water is continually being lost from the leaves through transpiration, Dixon and Joly concluded that the loss of water in the leaves exerts a pull on the water in the xylem ducts and draws more water into the leaf.
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Biologically-based personality tendencies evidence in early childhood are called?
An increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will MOST likely affect which type earth activity?
An increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will most likely affect a type earth activity called cave formation.
How do cave form?The carbon dioxide (CO2) in the earth atmosphere is increasing as a result of the anthropogenic activities such as deforestation, burning of the fossil fuels.
Carbon dioxide is known to be a greenhouse gas that is released by living organisms as a waste product of cellular respiration.
The carbon dioxide in the atmosphere gets mixed with the rain water which seeps into the soil. This results in the accumulation of carbonates (CO3²-) in the soil as limestone.
The cave of limestone is formed by the groundwater because limestone is a soft material which get easily dissolves in the water.
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__medium distinguishes different types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium.
A differential medium is a type of media that distinguishes different types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the media.
What is a differential medium?A differential medium is any medium for bacterial growth that contains selective agents used to discriminate between different microorganisms present in such medium.
A differential medium can be, for example, a blood agar medium that has bovine blood cells which is selective to Streptococcus bacteria.
In conclusion, a differential medium is a type of media that distinguishes different types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the media.
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Which structure(s) coordinates daily cycles of activity that are linked to the day-night cycle??
A structure that coordinates daily cycles of activity that are linked to the day-night cycle is suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN).
The anterior region of the hypothalamus has a bilateral structure called the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). It controls the majority of the body's circadian rhythms and serves as the circadian timing system's main pacemaker.
The SCN gets suggestions from Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) project through the retino-thalamic tract to neurons in the SCN via glutamatergic synapses, providing the photic input. The circadian clock is synchronised as a result.
Therefore, A structure that coordinates daily cycles of activity that are linked to the day-night cycle is suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN).
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The scientist tests each sample three ties, explain why it is important to do this
A scientist conducts 3 ties for a sample in a particular experiment. Because an experiment starts with a set of observations which might change due to some factors. So in order to conclude a concrete hypothesis it is a important process.
What is an experiment?An experiment is a scientific process to discover something , test a hypothesis on it and make some observations on that subject. A scientific study can only be possible by performing different kinds of experiments. Scientists can perform and verify the experiment in numerous ways. There are different studies of science which give exposure to numerous scientific fields. The different parts of science are chemistry , biology , physics and many more. Different observations are made on an experiment. You can always explore something new in this field. Scientist propose hypothesis for a phenomenon. There are 3 different types of hypothesis are : simple, complex and directional hypothesis.
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B
What is a scientific explanation
for a set of observations that can
be tested and is written with an
"if/then" statement?
a theory
a hypothesis
A scientific explanation for a set of observations that can be tested and is written with an "if/then" statement is referred to as hypothesis and is denoted as option B.
What is Hypothesis?This is defined as the proposed explanation for a particular phenomenon before several experiments are conducted by others in different parts of the world to confirm its authenticity.
It employs the use of words such as "if/then" which shows its unproven status which is therefore the reason why it was chosen as the most appropriate choice.
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Since the sympathetic division travels through t1– l2, how are the organs of the head supplied with sympathetic innervation?
The organs of the head supplied with sympathetic innervation through the preganglionic neurons of the SANS originate in the thoracic and lumbar (T1 to L2) areas of the spinal cord, with the cell bodies dispersed in four symmetrically and bilaterally distributed regions of the grey matter.
Sympathetic innervation in some cranial nerves' distal branches do not travel from the brain or brain stem. Only in the thoracolumbar area of the spinal cord do sympathetic nerve impulses exit the brain. An element of the autonomic nervous system is the sympathetic nervous system. It is automatic and works with the parasympathetic nervous system to keep the body in equilibrium.
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Which part of the body is represented by the largest area of the primary motor cortex?
Arm and hand motor area is the largest, and occupies the part of precentral gyrus represented by the largest area of the primary motor cortex .
The primary motor cortex is located in the precentral gyrus the premotor area is more rostral. The pyramidal cells of cortical layer V (also called Betz cells) are the upper motor neurons of the primary motor cortex.
The primary motor cortex, or M1, is one of the principal brain areas involved in motor function. M1 is located in the frontal lobe of the brain, along a bump called the precentral gyrus .
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Suppose you cup your hands to hold some water. This action would most likely involve?
Answer:
it involves the adduction of fingers
Abrupt genetic changes that quickly lead to the reproductive isolation of a group of individuals will likely lead to ______________.
Abrupt genetic changes that quickly lead to the reproduction isolation of a group of individual will likely lead to allopatric speciation.
Speciation which involves reproductive isolation of groups within the original population and accumulation of genetic difference for two groups. The sudden change in the genetics which breeds true in a species is represented as mutation.
Mutation is sudden or discountinous changes in genotypes and phenotype of an organism due to change in chromosomes and genes.The sudden change became heritable which means transmitted to the offspring. Mutation can change by environmental factors known as mutagens. Change in one or more nucleotide of DNA.
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All the wavelengths of light are collectively called the ___________________________ spectrum
The "electromagnetic spectrum" is a term used to describe all light wavelengths.
What is the electromagnetic spectrum?
Scientists refer to the complete range of visible light as the "electromagnetic spectrum". In reality, the majority of the lights in the cosmos are hidden from our view, ranging from radio frequencies to gamma radiation. An alternating magnetic and electric field forms the wave of light.The whole "electromagnetic spectrum" is used by NASA's scientific equipment to examine Planet, the entire universe, and the cosmos beyond. Electromagnetic energy is used when you tune the transmitter, watch Television, and transmit a message.What are the "electromagnetic spectrum's" wavelengths?
The term "electromagnetic spectrum" (EMS) refers to the whole spectrum of radiation that is now understood. Wavelengths rise from around 10⁻¹⁸ meters to 100 km, while frequencies fall from 3 x 10²⁶Hz to 3 x 10³ Hz in this range.
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Briefly explain why only chromosomes of a homologous pair can have their alleles referred toas homozygous or heterozygous
Only chromosomes of a homologous pair can have their alleles referred to as homozygous or heterozygous because only homologous chromosomes would have the same genes at the same physical locations on those chromosomes. Otherwise, the alleles of different genes would have no relationship.
Homologous chromosomes, or homologs, are a set of one maternal and one paternal chromosome that pair up with each other inside a cell during fertilization. Homologs have the same genes in the same loci where they provide points along each chromosome which enable a pair of chromosomes to align correctly with each other before separating during meiosis.
This is the basis for Mendelian inheritance which characterizes inheritance patterns of genetic material from an organism to its offspring parent developmental cell at the given time and area.
Chromosomes are linear arrangements of condensed deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and histone proteins, which form a complex called chromatin. Homologous chromosomes are made up of chromosome pairs of approximately the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern, for genes with the same corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism's mother; the other is inherited from the organism's father.
After mitosis occurs within the daughter cells, they have the correct number of genes which are a mix of the two parents' genes.
In diploid organisms, the genome is composed of one set of each homologous chromosome pair, as compared to tetraploid organisms which may have two sets of each homologous chromosome pair. The alleles on the homologous chromosomes may be different, resulting in different phenotypes of the same genes.
This mixing of maternal and paternal traits is enhanced by crossing over during meiosis, wherein lengths of chromosomal arms and the DNA they contain within a homologous chromosome pair are exchanged with one another.
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Proteins may be classified according to their three-dimensional shapes. Determine whether the following examples and descriptions refer to fibrous proteins, globular proteins, or both fibrous and globular proteins. True or false?.
Answer:
Explanation:
Polymers of amino acids can be both fibrous as well as globular protein. Hemoglobin is a globular but the collagen is the fibrous protein both being the amino acids.
