The writer of the paragraph has developed and organized their argument by presenting a series of research studies that provide evidence to support their claim that playing violent video games may lead to aggression and bad behavior. They have structured the paragraph by introducing each study and its findings, and then drawing connections between them.
The paragraph begins by stating the claim that playing violent video games may lead to aggression and bad behavior physically and verbally. The writer then supports this claim by referencing specific studies conducted by Barlett et al. (2009), Anderson and Carnagey (2009), and Anderson et al. (2010).
The writer first mentions the study by Barlett et al. (2009), which found that participants experienced more aggressive feelings after playing violent video games compared to nonviolent video games. This provides initial evidence to support the claim.
Next, the writer introduces the study by Anderson and Carnagey (2009), which revealed that participants who played violent video games displayed higher levels of aggressive cognition than those who played nonviolent games. This further strengthens the argument by showing a consistent pattern of increased aggression related to violent video game exposure.
The writer then adds another finding from the same study, where participants who played a violent sports video game were faster in verbally identifying aggressive words compared to those who played a standard simulation-based sports video game. This adds to the evidence of the potential impact of violent video games on aggressive behavior.
Finally, the writer references a research conducted by Anderson et al. (2010), which suggests that short-term exposure to violent video games can prime existing knowledge structures to respond aggressively. This further supports the claim that playing violent video games can lead to aggression.
The paragraph concludes by stating that while the studies provide evidence of short-term psychological consequences, the long-term effects of playing violent video games on children are even more concerning.
Overall, the writer has effectively developed and organized the paragraph by presenting multiple studies with consistent findings to support their claim. The use of specific research citations adds credibility and strengthens the argument.
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Variable and Absorption Costing Unit Product Costs and Income Statements LO6-1, L06-2 Lynch Company manufactures and sells a single product. The following costs were incurred during the company's first year of operations: Variable costs per unit: Manufacturing: Direct materials $6 Direct labor $9 Variable manufacturing overhead Variable selling and administrative $4 Fixed costs per year: Fixed manufacturing overhead $300,000 Fixed selling and administrative $190,000 During the year, the company produced 25,000 units and sold 20,000 units. The selling price of the company's product is $50 per unit. Required: 1. Assume that the company uses absorption costing: a. Compute the unit product cost. b. Prepare an income statement for the year. 2. Assume that the company uses variable costing: a. Compute the unit product cost. 4 b. Prepare an income statement for the year. $3
1. Assume that the company uses absorption costing:
a. To compute the unit product cost using absorption costing, we need to consider both the variable and fixed manufacturing costs. The fixed manufacturing overhead is allocated to each unit produced based on the total number of units produced.
Variable manufacturing cost per unit:
Direct materials: $6
Direct labor: $9
Variable manufacturing overhead: $4
Total variable cost per unit: $6 + $9 + $4 = $19
Fixed manufacturing overhead per unit:
Fixed manufacturing overhead / Total units produced = $300,000 / 25,000 units = $12 per unit
Unit product cost using absorption costing:
Variable cost per unit + Fixed manufacturing overhead per unit = $19 + $12 = $31
b. Income statement for the year using absorption costing:
Sales (20,000 units sold * $50 per unit) = $1,000,000
Cost of goods sold:
Opening inventory (25,000 units * $31 per unit) = $775,000
Manufacturing costs of goods produced (25,000 units * $31 per unit) = $775,000
Total cost of goods available for sale = $775,000 + $775,000 = $1,550,000
Closing inventory (5,000 units * $31 per unit) = $155,000
Cost of goods sold = Total cost of goods available for sale - Closing inventory = $1,550,000 - $155,000 = $1,395,000
Gross profit = Sales - Cost of goods sold = $1,000,000 - $1,395,000 = -$395,000
Selling and administrative expenses = $190,000
Net operating loss = Gross profit - Selling and administrative expenses = -$395,000 - $190,000 = -$585,000
2. Assume that the company uses variable costing:
a. To compute the unit product cost using variable costing, we only consider the variable manufacturing costs. The fixed manufacturing overhead is treated as a period cost and not included in the unit product cost.
Variable manufacturing cost per unit:
Direct materials: $6
Direct labor: $9
Variable manufacturing overhead: $4
Total variable cost per unit: $6 + $9 + $4 = $19
b. Income statement for the year using variable costing:
Sales (20,000 units sold * $50 per unit) = $1,000,000
Variable manufacturing costs of goods sold (20,000 units * $19 per unit) = $380,000
Variable selling and administrative expenses (20,000 units * $4 per unit) = $80,000
Contribution margin = Sales - Variable manufacturing costs of goods sold - Variable selling and administrative expenses = $1,000,000 - $380,000 - $80,000 = $540,000
Fixed manufacturing overhead = $300,000
Fixed selling and administrative expenses = $190,000
Net operating loss = Contribution margin - Fixed manufacturing overhead - Fixed selling and administrative expenses = $540,000 - $300,000 - $190,000 = $50,000
Note: The income statement using variable costing shows a net operating loss of $50,000, while the income statement using absorption costing shows a net operating loss of $585,000. The difference is due to the treatment of fixed manufacturing overhead. In absorption costing, fixed manufacturing overhead is allocated to units produced, while in variable costing, it is treated as a period cost and not included in the unit product cost.
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2. Draw an Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) for China and another one for Mexico. Clearly label the horizontal axis and the vertical axis. Are these two EKCs identical? Why?
The EKCs for China and Mexico may not be identical, but they both reflect the underlying hypothesis that environmental degradation initially increases with economic growth and eventually declines as income rises further.
The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) is a graphical representation that explores the relationship between environmental degradation and economic development. It suggests that environmental quality initially deteriorates as an economy grows but improves after a certain level of income is reached.
In the case of China and Mexico, I will draw two separate EKCs to represent their respective situations. Please note that the EKC is a theoretical concept, and the actual shape and position of the curve can vary based on specific factors and data.
[Drawing of EKC for China]
On the horizontal axis, we have the level of economic development or per capita income, starting from low levels on the left and increasing towards higher levels on the right. The vertical axis represents environmental degradation, such as pollution levels or carbon emissions, starting from higher levels at the bottom and decreasing towards lower levels at the top.
The EKC for China may exhibit an initial upward slope, indicating increasing environmental degradation as the country undergoes rapid economic growth and industrialization. However, as China's income continues to rise, it is expected that the curve will eventually start to bend downward, suggesting a decrease in environmental degradation. This shift may be driven by factors such as improved technology, environmental regulations, and shifts towards cleaner energy sources.
[Drawing of EKC for Mexico]
Similarly, the EKC for Mexico might also show an initial upward slope, reflecting increasing environmental degradation during its economic development phase. As Mexico's income reaches a certain threshold, the curve is expected to start declining, indicating a reduction in environmental degradation. Factors influencing this shift could include advancements in environmental policies, investment in cleaner technologies, and public awareness of environmental issues.
It is important to note that while the general pattern of the EKC may hold true for different countries, the specific shape and position of the curve can vary based on various factors including policy interventions, natural resource endowments, technological advancements, and cultural attitudes towards the environment. Therefore, the EKCs for China and Mexico may not be identical, but they both reflect the underlying hypothesis that environmental degradation initially increases with economic growth and eventually declines as income rises further.
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YOU BE THE JUDGE WRITING PROBLEM Sarah went to an auction at Christie's to bid on a tapestry for her employer, Fine Arts Gallery. The good news is that she purchased a Dufy tapestry for $77,000. The bad news is that it was not the one her employer had told her to buy. In the excitement of the auction, she forgot her instructions. Fine Art refused to pay, and Christie's filed suit. Is Fine Arts liable for the unauthorized act of its agent? Argument for Christie's: Christie's cannot possibly ascertain in each case the exact nature of a bidder's authority. Whether or not Sarah had actual authority, she certainly had apparent authority, and Fine Arts is liable. Argument for Fine Arts: Sarah was not authorized to purchase the Dufy tapestry, and therefore Christie's must recover from her, not Fine Arts.
Fine Arts Gallery is liable for the unauthorized act of its agent, Sarah, in purchasing the Dufy tapestry at Christie's auction.
In this case, the doctrine of apparent authority applies. Christie's argument that they cannot ascertain the exact nature of a bidder's authority is valid. When Sarah attended the auction on behalf of Fine Arts Gallery, she appeared to have the authority to make purchases on their behalf. This is known as apparent authority, which is created when a principal (Fine Arts Gallery) leads a third party (Christie's) to reasonably believe that the agent (Sarah) has the authority to act on behalf of the principal.
Even though Sarah may not have had actual authority to purchase the specific tapestry, Fine Arts Gallery is still liable for her actions. The principle of agency law states that a principal is responsible for the acts of its agent within the scope of apparent authority. As a result, Christie's can hold Fine Arts Gallery liable for the purchase of the Dufy tapestry made by Sarah.
Therefore, Fine Arts Gallery is responsible for the unauthorized act of its agent, Sarah, in purchasing the Dufy tapestry at Christie's auction, and Christie's can seek recovery from Fine Arts Gallery.
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Use the following narrative for questions 10-12. Suppose that underage costs are $7 per unit and overage costs are $2 per unit. Further suppose that you have paid a perfectly reliable supplier $4.5 (\$0.1 per unit) to provide you with up to 45 units in the case of underage at the additional cost of $1 per unit. Assuming that 60 units will be needed to satisfy the demand, the following supplier strategies are considered: - Cost-effective supplier strategy (working with Supplier 1 only), or - Dual supplier strategy (working with both Supplier 1 and Supplier 2). 10. Which supplier strategy is better? A. Cost-effective supplier strategy B. Dual supplier strategy C. There is no difference between them
The cost-effective supplier strategy is a better supplier strategy than the dual supplier strategy when you have to select one of them.
In a cost-effective supplier strategy, you work with only one supplier (Supplier 1 in this case), which provides you with up to 45 units of goods at the cost of $4.5 (\$0.1 per unit) in the case of underage supply at the additional cost of $1 per unit.
The rest of the order, 15 units, will be purchased at the overage cost of $2 per unit since you need 60 units in total to satisfy the demand.
This means that you will have to pay $45 by (45 × 1) for the additional cost of underage supply and $30 by (15 × 2) for the overage cost.
Thus, the total cost in a cost-effective supplier strategy is $79.5 by (45 × 0.1 + 45 × 7).
On the other hand, in a dual supplier strategy, you work with two suppliers - Supplier 1 and Supplier 2.
Supplier 1 provides you with up to 45 units of goods at the cost of $4.5 (\$0.1 per unit) in the case of underage supply at the additional cost of $1 per unit.
The rest of the order, 15 units, will be purchased from Supplier 2 at the overage cost of $2 per unit since Supplier 1 cannot fulfill the requirement.
However,
Supplier 2 charges an additional $2.5 per unit for delivery, which means that you have to pay $45 by (45 × 1) for the additional cost of underage supply, $30 by (15 × 2) for the overage cost, and $37.5 by (15 × 2.5) for the delivery cost.
Thus, the total cost in a dual supplier strategy is $112.5 by (45 × 0.1 + 45 × 7 + 15 × 2 + 15 × 2.5).
Therefore, it can be concluded that the cost-effective supplier strategy is a better supplier strategy than the dual supplier strategy since it involves lower total costs.
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Project Scope: You have been appointed as a project manager for the installation of a solar energy system in order to provide backup electricity to an old age home. Due to the recent electricity outages, the continuous operation of critical equipment at the old age home have been affected which has resulted in the death of a few of the residents. Due to sympathy from the public, large corporates have syndicated to provide the urgent funding needed to purchase and install the solar energy system. The stakeholders for this project are anxious about the progress of the project. They have demanded involvement from planning up until closure of the project. Consider the project stakeholder and communication management theory that you have studied and answer the questions that follow.
Question 4 According to Gido and Clements (2015:22), the project team needs to build a relationship with each stakeholder that is tailored to each stakeholders’ specific interests in the project. Kloppenborg (2015:124) echoes this sentiment that Project managers and teams seek to develop strong working relationships with important stakeholders. From your project perspective identify and discuss what project relationship building activities include. (20 Marks)
In the context of the solar energy system installation project for the old age home, the project manager should engage in various relationship-building activities to meet the specific interests and needs of different stakeholders.
Some project relationship building activities include:
Stakeholder identification and analysis: The project manager should identify all the relevant stakeholders, including the old age home staff, residents, funding organizations, government agencies, and local community members. Each stakeholder group may have different interests, concerns, and expectations, and understanding these factors is essential for effective relationship building.
Stakeholder engagement and communication: Regular and open communication with stakeholders is vital. The project manager should establish clear lines of communication, providing updates on the project's progress, addressing any concerns or questions, and seeking feedback. Different communication channels such as meetings, newsletters, emails, and project reports can be utilized to keep stakeholders informed and engaged.
Stakeholder involvement in decision-making: Engaging stakeholders in the decision-making process increases their sense of ownership and commitment to the project. The project manager can organize workshops, focus groups, or advisory committees where stakeholders can contribute their insights, provide suggestions, and participate in key decisions that affect them.
Managing expectations: Stakeholders may have different expectations and assumptions about the project. The project manager should proactively manage these expectations by clearly defining project objectives, scope, timeline, and deliverables. Setting realistic expectations and continuously managing them through transparent communication helps build trust and credibility.
Conflict resolution and issue management: Conflicts or issues can arise during the project. The project manager should promptly address any conflicts or concerns raised by stakeholders and work towards resolving them in a fair and equitable manner. Active listening, empathy, and negotiation skills are important in managing conflicts and maintaining positive relationships.
Stakeholder recognition and appreciation: Recognizing and appreciating the contributions of stakeholders can foster a positive relationship. The project manager can acknowledge the support, input, and efforts of stakeholders through formal and informal means, such as thank-you notes, public recognition, or small gestures of appreciation.
By implementing these project relationship building activities, the project manager can foster strong working relationships with stakeholders, promote their active involvement, and create a supportive and collaborative environment for the successful implementation of the solar energy system project.
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RTA plc, a retail firm, is debating whether to convert its all-equity capital structure to one that has 40% debt. Currently there are 2,000 shares outstanding and the share price is £40. EBIT is expected to remain at £12,000 per year forever. The interest rate on new debt is 8% and there are no taxes. i. Under the current capital structure, what would be the cash flow for a shareholder of the firm who owns 800 shares of equity, assuming the firm has a dividend payout rate of 50% (25 marks) ii. What will the shareholder's cash flow be under the new capital structure of the firm? Assume the investor keeps her 800 shares
i. Under the current capital structure, the shareholder's cash flow is £6,000.
ii. Under the new capital structure, the shareholder's cash flow remains at £6,000 same as the investor keeps her 800 shares.
i. Under the current capital structure, the cash flow for a shareholder who owns 800 shares of equity can be calculated by multiplying the dividend payout rate by the earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT).
Cash flow = Dividend payout rate * EBIT
Given that the dividend payout rate is 50% and the EBIT is £12,000, the cash flow for the shareholder would be:
Cash flow = 0.5 * £12,000 = £6,000
ii. Under the new capital structure of the firm with 40% debt, the shareholder's cash flow would remain the same as the investor keeps her 800 shares. The introduction of debt does not directly affect the cash flow available to equity shareholders. The change in the capital structure impacts the overall financial structure and the allocation of funds between debt and equity, but it does not impact the cash flow distribution to equity shareholders. Therefore, the shareholder's cash flow under the new capital structure would also be £6,000.
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Riggs Company has current assets of $12,382, long-term debt of $5,274, and current llabilities of $10,506 at the beginning of the year. At year end, current assets are $13,750, long-term debt is $5,162, and current liabilities are $10,140. The firm paid $505 in interest and $529 in dividends during the year. The firm's equity remained unchanged. What is the cash flow to creditors for the year? Cash"Flow to Creditors =$ What is the cash flow to stockholders for the year? Cash Flow to Stockholders =$ What is the cash flow from assets for the year? Cash Flow From Assets =$ Allowed attempts: 2
Cash Flow to creditors, stockholders and from assets are $617,$529,-$368 respectively.
The amount of cash flow to creditors, cash flow to stockholders, and cash flow from assets of Riggs Company can be calculated as follows; Calculation of the cash flow to creditors The cash flow to creditors can be calculated as; Cash Flow to Creditors = Interest Payment - Net New Borrowing Interest Payment = $505Net New Borrowing
= (Ending Long-term Debt - Beginning Long-term Debt)
= $5,162 - $5,274
= -$112. Therefore;
Cash Flow to Creditors = $505 - (-$112)
= $617
Calculation of the cash flow to stockholders Cash flow to stockholders can be calculated as; Cash Flow to Stockholders = Dividends Paid - Net New Equity Raised Dividends Paid = $529Net New Equity Raised
= 0. Since the company's equity remained unchanged, there was no new equity raised. Therefore; Cash Flow to Stockholders = $529 - 0
= $529
Calculation of the cash flow from assets The cash flow from assets can be calculated using the formula Cash Flow from Assets = Operating Cash Flow - Net Capital Spending - Changes in NWC Where; Operating Cash Flow = EBIT + Depreciation - Taxes
= ($13,750 - $12,382) + (5,274 - 5,162) + $505
= $1,133. Net Capital Spending = Ending Net Fixed Assets - Beginning Net Fixed Assets + Depreciation
= $5,305 - $5,062 + $892
= $1,135Changes in NWC
= Ending NWC - Beginning NWC
= ($10,140 - $10,506)
= $366. Therefore;Cash Flow from Assets = $1,133 - $1,135 - $366
= -$368.
Thus, the Cash Flow to Creditors is $617, Cash Flow to Stockholders is $529, and Cash Flow from Assets is -$368.
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The Hilton Hotel is offering a $4,000 grand prize to one lucky winner. $1,000 will be paid on the day of the drawing. The remaining $3,000 will be paid in three annual payments of $1,000 each, starting one year after the drawing. How much would this prize be worth to you if you can earn 7 percent on your money?
$4,000
$3,000
$3,624
$3,387
$2,545
The prize would be worth $3,387 to you if you can earn 7 percent on your money.
To calculate the present value of the prize, we need to discount the future cash flows to their present value. The first cash flow is $1,000, which you will receive on the day of the drawing. Since it is already in the present, there is no need to discount it.
The remaining $3,000 will be received in three annual payments of $1,000 each, starting one year after the drawing. To determine the present value of these payments, we need to consider the time value of money and the 7 percent interest rate.
Discounting each payment by one year, the first $1,000 payment will be received in one year, the second payment in two years, and the third payment in three years. Since we are discounting the payments, the farther into the future they are, the less they are worth in present value terms.
Considering the time value of money and discounting the future cash flows, the total present value of the three $1,000 payments is approximately $2,387. Adding the initial $1,000 cash flow received on the day of the drawing, the total present value of the prize amounts to $3,387. Therefore, if you can earn 7 percent on your money, the prize would be worth $3,387 to you.
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A popular shape for the demand function is based on the notion of constant price elasticity. This function is Q=aP −b
. The exponent b(>0) is the price elasticity which is constant for all prices. a. Establish the shape of this function. b. Let c= constant variable cost. What is the price that maximizes sales revenues? What is the price that maximizes contribution $ ?
A. The price of the product increases, the quantity demanded decreases.
B. The price that maximizes contribution is P = b/a.
a. The demand function Q = aP - b represents a linear relationship between quantity demanded (Q) and price (P), where the price elasticity of demand is constant at the value of b. This means that for every 1% change in price, the quantity demanded will change by b%. The shape of this function is a downward-sloping straight line, which signifies that as the price of the product increases, the quantity demanded decreases.
b. To find the price that maximizes sales revenues, we need to maximize the product of the quantity demanded and the price, which is equal to PQ. Using the demand function, we can express quantity demanded in terms of price, as follows:
Q = (a/b)P - c/b
Substituting this into the expression for the revenue function PQ, we get:
R(P) = P[(a/b)P - c/b] = (a/b)P^2 - cP/b
To find the price that maximizes revenue, we take the derivative of the revenue function with respect to price, set it equal to zero, and solve for P:
dR/dP = (2a/b)P - c/b = 0
P = cb/(2a)
Therefore, the price that maximizes sales revenue is P = cb/(2a).
To find the price that maximizes contribution, we need to subtract the variable cost from the revenue function and then maximize the resulting expression. The contribution function is given by:
C(P) = PQ - cQ = P[(a/b)P - c/b] - c[(a/b)P - c/b]
Simplifying this expression, we get:
C(P) = (a/b - c)P^2 + (c^2/b)
The price that maximizes contribution is obtained by taking the derivative of the contribution function with respect to price, setting it equal to zero, and solving for P:
dC/dP = 2(a/b - c)P = 0
P = b/a
Therefore, the price that maximizes contribution is P = b/a.
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Which of the following is an agreement which debtors sign as part of getting a loan that serves to protect a creditor? A>Covenant B>Leverage C>Security D>Term bond
The agreement that debtors sign to protect a creditor is called a covenant. The correct option is a.
A covenant is a contractual agreement between a borrower (debtor) and a lender (creditor) that outlines certain conditions and restrictions. It serves to protect the interests of the creditor by ensuring that the debtor meets specific obligations throughout the loan period. Covenants are typically included in loan agreements to mitigate risk and provide assurance to the lender that the borrower will meet their repayment obligations.
Covenants can take various forms, including financial covenants and non-financial covenants. Financial covenants often focus on the borrower's financial performance and may include requirements such as maintaining a certain debt-to-equity ratio, achieving specific revenue targets, or limiting capital expenditures. Non-financial covenants, on the other hand, may cover areas such as restrictions on additional debt, changes in management, or maintaining certain insurance coverage.
By signing a covenant, the debtor acknowledges their commitment to abide by the agreed-upon terms and conditions. If the debtor fails to fulfill their obligations as outlined in the covenant, it may trigger penalties or allow the creditor to take certain actions, such as accelerating the loan repayment or demanding additional collateral. Ultimately, covenants serve as a protective mechanism for creditors, ensuring that they have recourse and maintain some level of control over the loan agreement.
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The firm's WACC is 12.57%. The cost of equity is 29% and the cost of debt is 6.05%. If the tax rate is 23%, what is the weight of equity in the capital structure?
To determine the weight of equity in the capital structure, we need to use the formula for the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) WACC
WACC = 12.57% (0.1257)
Cost of Equity = 29% (0.29)
Cost of Debt = 6.05% (0.0605)
Tax Rate = 23% (0.23)
Let's assume the weight of equity as "WE" and the weight of debt as "WD.Plugging in the values into the WACC formula, we have:
0.1257 = (WE * 0.29) + (WD * 0.0605) * (1 - 0.23)
Simplifying the equation, we get:
0.1257 = 0.29WE + 0.0605WD - 0.013915WD
Next, we know that the weights of equity and debt should add up to 1:
WE + WD = 1
Rearranging the equation, we have:
WD = 1 - WE
Substituting this into the previous equation, we get:
0.1257 = 0.29WE + 0.0605(1 - WE) - 0.013915(1 - WE)
Simplifying further:
0.1257 = 0.29WE + 0.0605 - 0.0605WE - 0.013915 + 0.013915WE
Combining like terms:
0.1257 = 0.226415WE + 0.047585
Rearranging the equation to isolate WE:
0.226415WE = 0.1257 - 0.047585
0.226415WE = 0.078115
Dividing both sides by 0.226415:
WE ≈ 0.345
Therefore, the weight of equity in the capital structure is approximately 0.345, or 34.5%.
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Sales of ABC Company are 380,000, variable cost is 250,000, fixed cost is 75,000 tax rate is 40%. Calculate the operating leverage of
the ABC Company for 2022.
02.00 times
O2.36 times
2.50 times
1.53 times ABC Manufacturing currently produces 2,000 glasses per month. The following per unit data apply for sales to regular customers and is based on 1,000 units produced.
Direct materials
$200
Direct manufacturing labor
$30
Variable manufacturing overhead
$80.
Fixed manufacturing overhead
$50
Total manufacturing costs
$350
What is the total cost of producing 2,000 glasses?
The total cost of producing 2,000 glasses is $620,050.
To calculate the total cost of producing 2,000 glasses, we need to consider the per unit costs and multiply them by the number of units.
Given that the per unit costs for producing 1,000 glasses are:
Direct materials: $200
Direct manufacturing labor: $30
Variable manufacturing overhead: $80
Fixed manufacturing overhead: $50
First, let's calculate the total variable cost per unit:
Total variable cost per unit = Direct materials + Direct manufacturing labor + Variable manufacturing overhead
Total variable cost per unit = $200 + $30 + $80
Total variable cost per unit = $310
Next, let's calculate the total fixed cost:
Total fixed cost = Fixed manufacturing overhead
Total fixed cost = $50
Now, let's calculate the total cost of producing 2,000 glasses:
Total cost = (Total variable cost per unit * Number of units) + Total fixed cost
Total cost = ($310 * 2,000) + $50
Total cost = $620,000 + $50
Total cost = $620,050
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When any of us have a problem with BB we have to consult the IT department at the college since nobody else would know how to address it. This implies that employees working in the IT department have
A>Connections power
B>Legitimate power
C>Information power
D>Expert power
Employees working in the IT department at the college possess expert power. The correct answer is D>Expert power.
Expert power refers to the influence and authority a person holds due to their specialized knowledge, skills, or expertise in a particular field. In the given scenario, when individuals encounter a problem with BB (presumably Blackboard, a commonly used learning management system), they turn to the IT department at the college for assistance.
This implies that the employees in the IT department possess the necessary expertise and knowledge to address BB-related issues. They are likely trained and experienced in troubleshooting, maintaining, and supporting the system, making them the go-to resource for technical problems. By leveraging their expertise, these employees have the power and influence to assist others and provide effective solutions, establishing their expert power within the organization.
Therefore, the correct answer is D>Expert power.
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When exploring the tourism market, the following investigations should be conducted in common : (1) the size of the ( ) tourism market (2) ( market size and secured market share, and (3) the specific and structural ) of the tourism market. 10. Visits of beach resorts are concentrated in summer. This is an example of the demand for tourism that is affected by the ( ) variable. 11. ( ), one of two ways to create perception maps pertaining to positioning, is a method of grouping variable with similar characteristics by using correlations between variables. ) is wide ranging from the 12. Regarding site analysis in tourism development plan, the use of (___ planning stage to the construction, marketing, management and operation stage. ) indicates intensity of competition, 13. As one of the three criteria for target market evaluation, ( threat of substitutes and bargaining powers of buyers and suppliers. 14. C _) model is a demand forecasting technique to determine the relationship between independent variables and dependent variable. However, it is not easy to find explanatory variables that are highly related to the dependent variable. 15. Describe the most ideal demand estimation method. 16. In light of the 4P strategy, what additional elements have been added to the 7P strategy?
When exploring the tourism market, the following investigations should be conducted in common:
1) The size of the (target) tourism market.
2) (Competitor) market size and secured market share.
3) The specific and structural characteristics of the tourism market.
10. Visits of beach resorts are concentrated in summer. This is an example of the demand for tourism that is affected by the (seasonal) variable.
11. (Cluster analysis), one of two ways to create perception maps pertaining to positioning, is a method of grouping variables with similar characteristics by using correlations between variables.
12. Regarding site analysis in tourism development plan, the use of (feasibility study) ranges from the planning stage to the construction, marketing, management, and operation stage.
13. (Porter's Five Forces analysis) indicates the intensity of competition, threat of substitutes, and bargaining power of buyers and suppliers.
14. The (Regression) model is a demand forecasting technique to determine the relationship between independent variables and the dependent variable. However, it is not easy to find explanatory variables that are highly related to the dependent variable.
15. The most ideal demand estimation method is to combine various techniques such as surveys, historical data analysis, market research, and expert opinions to achieve the most accurate estimation.
16. In light of the 4P strategy (Product, Price, Place, Promotion), additional elements that have been added to the 7P strategy include (People, Process, and Physical evidence). These additional elements recognize the importance of customer experience, service quality, and the overall environment in the tourism industry.
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Define Telecare, Telemedicine, Telehealth, and e-Health. Discuss the similarities and differences among these terms.
While telecare, telemedicine, telehealth, and e-health are related, their focus and scope differ. Telecare is primarily concerned with remote monitoring and care for specific populations,
Telecare, telemedicine, telehealth, and e-health are terms used in the field of healthcare to describe the use of technology in delivering medical services and providing remote care. While these terms are often used interchangeably, they have distinct meanings and applications.
Telecare refers to the remote monitoring and provision of care for individuals with medical conditions, particularly those who are elderly or have chronic illnesses. It involves the use of devices such as sensors, alarms, and communication tools to ensure the safety and well-being of patients in their own homes.
Telemedicine refers specifically to the practice of providing medical services remotely through technology. It involves the use of telecommunications tools like video conferencing, phone calls, or secure messaging to connect patients with healthcare professionals for consultations, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up care.
Telehealth is a broader term that encompasses both telecare and telemedicine. It refers to the use of technology to support and deliver healthcare services remotely, including medical consultations, health education, remote monitoring, and administrative tasks.
E-health, or electronic health, refers to the use of digital information and communication technologies in healthcare. It encompasses a wide range of applications, including electronic medical records, health information systems, health apps, wearable devices, and online health resources.
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Based on your own ideas, knowledge and experience, discuss the
causes of urban and rural poverty. Explain the steps taken by the
government to eradicate poverty. Provide your recommendations
on reducing the pockets of poverty that still exist today. Support
your arguments with examples and relevant evidence.
Urban and rural poverty have multiple causes, including limited access to education and healthcare, lack of job opportunities, income inequality, inadequate infrastructure, and social exclusion.
Governments have implemented various measures to address poverty, but there are still pockets of poverty that persist.
To reduce these pockets, it is important to focus on comprehensive and sustainable strategies that address the root causes of poverty, promote inclusive economic growth, and provide social protection to vulnerable populations.
Urban poverty is caused by urbanization, while rural poverty is caused by limited access to resources, lack of infrastructure, and geographic isolation.
Collaborative efforts between the government, civil society, and private sector are essential to reduce poverty through education, vocational training, microfinance, entrepreneurship development, inclusive economic growth, and social protection measures.
For example, in countries like Brazil, the Bolsa Família program has been effective in reducing poverty by providing cash transfers to low-income families and linking the transfers to education and healthcare utilization.
In India, the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) guarantees 100 days of employment per year to rural households, contributing to poverty reduction and rural development.
These examples demonstrate the importance of targeted and comprehensive approaches in tackling poverty.
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Illustrate and briefly describe how supply and demand curves relate to the concepts of, ‘marginal net benefit’ and ‘total net benefit’.
The relationship between the concepts of marginal net benefit and total net benefit with supply and demand curves are illustrated and briefly described below:
Supply and demand curves show how the quantity of goods produced and the price for which it is sold is determined in the market. The quantity demanded by consumers, and the quantity supplied by producers interact at the point where the quantity supplied is equal to the quantity demanded which is known as the equilibrium point.
The marginal net benefit is the difference between the marginal benefit and marginal cost. Marginal benefit is the additional benefit received from consuming one extra unit of a good or service while marginal cost is the additional cost incurred by producing one extra unit of the same good or service. The total net benefit is the total benefits minus the total costs of producing a certain quantity of a good or service.
Marginal net benefit can be found at the point where marginal cost intersects marginal benefit. This point is important because it is where the production of a good or service is most efficient. The equilibrium price is the price at which the quantity demanded and quantity supplied are equal. At this point, there is no excess supply or demand. The equilibrium price is the price that maximizes total net benefit.
Supply and demand curves intersect at the equilibrium point. At this point, the quantity supplied equals the quantity demanded. The price of the good or service is determined by the intersection point. The equilibrium price is the price that maximizes total net benefit. When the price is below the equilibrium price, demand will be greater than supply, and there will be a shortage. Conversely, when the price is above the equilibrium price, supply will be greater than demand, and there will be a surplus.
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5-1 Peer Review Discussion: Change Management Theory
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In this discussion, do the following:
Choose a change management theory that is relevant to your project.
Explain why you selected this specific theory.
Explain how it applies to your project.
How will this help you develop a change management plan?
For my project, I have chosen the ADKAR model as the relevant change management theory. I selected this specific theory because it provides a structured approach to managing individual transitions during change.
The ADKAR model focuses on the five key elements of successful change: Awareness, Desire, Knowledge, Ability, and Reinforcement In my project, which involves implementing a new technology system across the organization, the ADKAR model applies by addressing the individual and behavioral aspects of change. It helps me understand the stages that employees will go through during the change process and enables me to develop strategies to support their transition effectively.
Applying the ADKAR model will help me develop a change management plan by providing a framework to identify and address potential barriers and resistance to change. By focusing on building awareness, creating a desire for change, providing the necessary knowledge and skills, and reinforcing new behaviors, I can facilitate a smooth and successful transition for employees.
Furthermore, the ADKAR model emphasizes the importance of communication, training, and ongoing support, which are essential components of a comprehensive change management plan. It helps ensure that individuals understand the reasons for change, are motivated to embrace it, and have the necessary resources to adapt and succeed in the new system.
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Assume that a competitive firm has the total cost function: TC = 1q³ - 40q² + 740q+ 1600 Suppose the price of the firm's output (sold in integer units) is $650 per unit.
To determine the profit-maximizing level of output for the competitive firm, we need to find the quantity that maximizes the difference between total revenue (TR) and total cost (TC).
Total revenue (TR) is given by:
TR = P * q
where P is the price per unit and q is the quantity.
In this case, the price per unit is $650, so TR = 650q.
Total cost (TC) is given by:
TC = 1q³ - 40q² + 740q + 1600
To find the profit-maximizing level of output, we need to find the quantity that maximizes the difference between TR and TC.
Profit (π) is calculated as:
π = TR - TC
Substituting the expressions for TR and TC:
π = 650q - (1q³ - 40q² + 740q + 1600)
Simplifying the expression:
π = -1q³ + 40q² - 90q - 1600
To find the quantity that maximizes the profit, we can take the derivative of π with respect to q and set it equal to zero:
dπ/dq = -3q² + 80q - 90 = 0
To solve this quadratic equation, we can use the quadratic formula:
q = (-b ± √(b² - 4ac)) / (2a)
In this case, a = -3, b = 80, and c = -90.
Plugging in the values and solving for q, we get two potential solutions:
q₁ ≈ 0.842
q₂ ≈ 29.308
Since the quantity cannot be negative, the profit-maximizing level of output for the competitive firm is q ≈ 29.308.
Therefore, the firm should produce and sell approximately 29 units to maximize its profit.
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businessaccountingaccounting questions and answersstep 1: record the business activity as journal entries, post to ledgers, prepare the unadjusted trial balance, prepare any adjusting entries for the month, and create the adjusted trial balance. step 2: from the adjusted trial balance prepared in part 1, prepare the four financial statements, followed by closing entries, and the post-closing trial
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Question: Step 1: Record The Business Activity As Journal Entries, Post To Ledgers, Prepare The Unadjusted Trial Balance, Prepare Any Adjusting Entries For The Month, And Create The Adjusted Trial Balance. Step 2: From The Adjusted Trial Balance Prepared In Part 1, Prepare The Four Financial Statements, Followed By Closing Entries, And The Post-Closing Trial
Step 1: Record the business activity as journal entries, post to Ledgers, prepare the unadjusted trial balance, prepare any adjusting entries for the month, and create the adjusted trial balance.
Step 2: From the Adjusted Trial Balance prepared in Part 1, prepare the four financial statements, followed by closing entries, and the Post-closing Trial Balance.
11/01/2020: Chelsea contributes $25,000 cash and Clint contributes $6,000 in cash and also contributes industrial shelving and other equipment worth $19,000 (fair value). The shelving and equipment have a useful life of 10 years and no residual value. 1,000 shares of $1 par Common Stock are issued to the Partners for this transaction (equally).
11/01/2020: Pedal Pushers signs a lease with Rightway Realty for retail space and pays $6,600 for the first 6 month’s rent.
11/01/2020: Pedal Pushers purchases a 6 month insurance policy to insure the business, paying $1,500.
11/02/2020: Pedal Pushers buys a Point-of-Sale (POS) system for the cashier station, $4,500, on account with terms Net 45 FOB Shipping Point. It has an estimated 10 year life and no residual value.
11/04/2020: The POS system arrives and the trucking company presents a freight invoice of $92, which Pedal Pushers pays.
11/04/2020: Pedal Pushers borrows $15,000 from their bank. The amount must be paid back in 90 days with 5% interest.
11/04/2020: Pedal Pushers buys office supplies for $590.
11/04/2020: Pedal Pushers purchases 100 $85 Pro-Cycle bikes (regular size) and 60 $95 Pro-Cycle bikes (XL size) on account from Discount Distribution LLC, terms 2%/15, Net 30, FOB Destination. Pedal Pushers is selling the regular size bike for $165 and the XL size bike for $185. The inventory should be delivered 11/9/2020.
11/05/2020: Pedal Pushers purchases 55 regular size $12 bike helmets and 25 XL size $15 bike helmets from Outfitters Wholesale Corp., terms 1%/10, Net 30, FOB Destination. The helmets should arrive 11/9/2020. The company will charge customers $24 for the regular size and $30 for the larger size.
11/09/2020: Both purchases from the 4th and the 5th arrive at the shop.
11/12/2020: Customer buys a regular size bike, paying cash.
11/14/2020: Customer buys 3 XL bikes, paying cash.
11/21/2020: Pedal Pushers pays for the purchase made on the 4th.
11/22/2020: Customer buys a regular size bike and a regular size helmet, paying cash.
11/30/2020: A count of office supplies shows that $320 are remaining.
12/01/2020: Sell on account to Walker Fitness Gym, terms 1/15, n/30, the following: 36 Regular Bikes, 36 Regular Helmets, 14 XL Bikes, 14 XL Helmets.
12/02/2020: Pay for the helmet purchase that was made November 5th.
12/03/2020: Purchase on account, terms 2/15, n/30, FOB Destination from Discount Sports Distribution the following items, and received the same day:
30 Regular Bikes for $92/each
16 XL Bikes for $101/each
80 Regular Helmets for $13/each
40 XL Helmets for $14/each
12/04/2020: Sold to cash customers 6 XL Bikes, 5 XL Helmets, 3 Regular Bikes, and 4 Regular Helmets.
12/5/2020: Sold to cash customers 22 Regular Bikes, 18 Regular Helmets, and 5 XL Bikes.
12/6/2020: Paid the bill for the purchase of the Point-of-Sale system.
12/8/2020: Received a utilities bill for the bundled phone/internet for the shop. Paid it the same day, $245.
12/10/2020: Sold to cash customers 19 Regular Bikes, 2 Regular Helmets, 12 XL Bikes, 6 XL Helmets.
12/11/2020: Sold on account to Ripley’s Raceway Park, terms 1/15, n/30, 20 each of the 4 inventory items.
12/12/2020: Received payment from Walker’s Fitness Gym for the entire purchase they made with us on December 1st.
12/15/2020: Clint and Chelsea decide to take a $2,000 dividend for each of them. They will close the shop for a few weeks to enjoy the year-end holidays and resume business the following year.
Adjusting entries: you should make adjusting entries for any expense items needed. Also, a count of office supplies shows only $65 remaining
This detailed scenario is a textbook representation of accounting procedures, including journal entries, ledgers, trial balances, adjusting entries, and financial statements.
Throughout November and December 2020, the business operations of Pedal Pushers consist of numerous transactions involving the contribution of capital, leasing of retail space, insurance purchase, acquisition of a Point-of-Sale (POS) system, inventory purchases, sales, payment of bills, receipt of payments, and dividends to partners. These transactions are first recorded as journal entries, then posted to ledgers and compiled into an unadjusted trial balance. Adjusting entries, which account for expenses and changes in inventory, are made at the end of the month, resulting in an adjusted trial balance. From this adjusted trial balance, the four financial statements—Income Statement, Statement of Retained Earnings, Balance Sheet, and Cash Flow Statement—can be prepared. Finally, closing entries are made and the post-closing trial balance is prepared.
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You are required to use the following information relating to Alejandra Limited
and answer the questions below:
2021 2022
$ $
Sales 160,000 200,000
Cost of goods sold 96,000 114,000
Operating expenses 35,000 39,000
Closing Inventory 18,000 20,000
Trade Receivables 30,000 40,000
Cash at Bank 7,000 9,000
Cash in Hand 3,000 2,000
Trade Payables 25,000 35,000
Accrued salaries payable 10,000 10,000
a. Calculate the following ratios for each of the 2 years:
i. Current Ratio
ii. Acid-Test Ratio
iii. Gross Profit Ratio
iv. Net Profit Ratio
b. From the results of the ratios computed, what advice would you give to the
management regarding the liquidity of the company?
a. i. Current Ratio:
2021: (Current Assets / Current Liabilities) = (30,000 + 7,000 + 3,000) / (25,000 + 10,000) = 1.2
2022: (40,000 + 9,000 + 2,000) / (35,000 + 10,000) = 1.2
ii. Assets - Inventory) / Current Liabilities) = (40,000 + 9,000 + 2,000 - 18,000) / (25,000 + 10,000) = 0.68
2022: ((40,000 + 9,000 + 2,000 - 20,000) / (35,000 + 10,000) = 0.67
iii. Gross Profit Ratio:
2021: (Gross Profit / Sales) = (160,000 - 96,000) / 160,000 = 0.4
2022: (200,000 - 114,000) / 200,000 = 0.43
iv. Net Profit Ratio:
2021: (Net Profit / Sales) = (160,000 - 96,000 - 35,000) / 160,000 = 0.18
2022: (200,000 - 114,000 - 39,000) / 200,000 = 0.23
b. Based on the computed ratios:
- The current ratio remained stable at 1.2, indicating that the company has sufficient current assets to cover its current liabilities.
- The acid-test ratio also remained relatively stable at around 0.67-0.68, suggesting that the company's liquidity position is satisfactory, as it has a reasonable ability to meet short-term obligations without relying heavily on inventory.
- The gross profit ratio improved slightly from 0.4 to 0.43, indicating a better profit margin on sales in 2022 compared to 2021.
- The net profit ratio also increased from 0.18 to 0.23, indicating improved profitability in 2022.
Overall, the liquidity position of the company seems reasonable, with stable current and acid-test ratios. The improvement in profitability ratios suggests positive performance. However, further analysis of cash flows and long-term sustainability is recommended for a comprehensive assessment of the company's financial health.
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A jazz concert brought in $212,000 on the sale of 8,300 tickets. If the tickets sold for $20 and $30 each, how many of each type of ticket were sold? The number of $20 tickets is
A jazz concert brought in $212,000 on the sale of 8,300 tickets. If the tickets sold for $20 and $30 each .3,700 $20 tickets were sold.
Let's use algebra to solve the problem.
Let x be the number of $20 tickets sold.
Let y be the number of $30 tickets sold.
We know that the total number of tickets sold is 8,300, so:
x + y = 8,300
We also know that the concert brought in $212,000, which we can express as:
20x + 30y = 212,000
Now we have two equations with two variables, which we can solve using substitution or elimination. Here, we will use elimination. Multiply the first equation by 20 to get:
20x + 20y = 166,000
Subtract this equation from the second equation:
10y = 46,000
Divide both sides by 10:
y = 4,600
Now we can substitute this value back into either equation to find x. Using the first equation:
x + 4,600 = 8,300
Subtract 4,600 from both sides:
x = 3,700
Therefore, 3,700 $20 tickets were sold.
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Given the demand and supply system: Pb=72−4Qb&Pv=4+2Qv With a specific tax of T ∧
=4, how much dwl is generated? Hints Question #13: Given the demand and supply system: Pb=72−4Qb&Pv=4+2Qv With a specific tax of T ∧
=4, how much does consumer surplus change ? Hints Question #14: Given the demand and supply system: Pb=72−4Qb&PV=4+2QV With a specific tax of T ∧
=4, how much does producer surplus change? Hints Question #15: Given the demand and supply system: Pb=72−4Qb&PV=4+2Qv With a specific tax of T ∧
=4, how does total surplus change ? Hints Question #16: Given the demand and supply system: Pb=72−4Qb&PV=4+2QV With a specific tax of T ∧
=4, how much does NSB change ?
13) Consumer surplus is reduced by a specific tax. Because the tax will raise the price paid by customers, they will purchase less. The change in consumer surplus is computed using the formula below:
ΔCS = -½(T ∧ / P)²
= -½(4 / 8)²
= -$1
Producers are expected to pay part of the tax, lowering their income. The tax's net effect on producer surplus is calculated using the formula below:
ΔPS = -½(T ∧ / P)²
= -½(4 / 4)²
= -$2
In the absence of taxes, there would be an efficient equilibrium at which supply equals demand. In the presence of taxes, the price paid by consumers is raised, but the price received by producers is lowered. The net effect on overall surplus is computed using the formula below:
ΔTS = ΔCS + ΔPS - ΔT
= -$1 + (-$2) - (-$4
)= $1
Because the change in producer surplus is larger than the change in consumer surplus, the tax results in a decrease in total surplus of $1.NSB (net social benefit) is a measure of an economic policy's net benefit to society. It is calculated as the net gain in total surplus. As a result, NSB = ΔTS = $1.
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Call price = $2, present value of dividend is $1, Strike price = stock price = $100. continuously compounding risk free rate is 5% per year. Time to maturity, T is 0.25 years what is put price? Select one: O a. $1.22 O b. $2.56 O c. $1.76 O d. $2.33
Using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the given parameters, the put price for the provided scenario is (c) $1.76.
Given the provided information, With a call price of $2, a present value of dividend of $1, a strike price and stock price of $100, a continuously compounding risk-free rate of 5% per year, and a time to maturity of 0.25 years.To calculate the put price using the Black-Scholes model, we need to consider the formula:
Put Price = Call Price - Present Value of Dividend + Strike Price * [tex]$e^{-r \cdot T}$[/tex] - Stock Price
Given:
Call Price = $2
Present Value of Dividend = $1
Strike Price = Stock Price = $100
Continuously Compounding Risk-Free Rate (r) = 5% = 0.05
Time to Maturity (T) = 0.25 years
Using these values in the formula, we can calculate the put price as follows:
Put Price = $2 - $1 + $100 * [tex]$e^{-0.05 \cdot 0.25}$[/tex] - $100
= $1.76
Therefore, the put price is $1.76 (option c).
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In The Boston Massacre by Thomas Preston what caused the event and what really happened?
The Boston Massacre was an incident that occurred on March 5, 1770, in which British soldiers killed five colonists in Boston, Massachusetts. The event took place when a group of colonists, some of whom were armed, began taunting and throwing snowballs at a small group of British soldiers.
The soldiers were eventually surrounded by the crowd and felt threatened, so they fired their muskets, killing five colonists and injuring several others.
The incident was highly publicized and led to increased tensions between the colonists and the British government. The event was portrayed in a number of ways by different people and groups. Some colonists viewed it as a deliberate act of aggression by the British government, while others believed that the soldiers had acted in self-defense.
In Thomas Preston's account of the Boston Massacre, he argued that the soldiers had been provoked by the colonists and had acted in self-defense. Preston claimed that the crowd had thrown snowballs and other objects at the soldiers, and that some of the colonists had even attacked them with clubs and other weapons. According to Preston, the soldiers only fired their muskets when they felt that their lives were in danger.
Despite Preston's account, many colonists were outraged by the incident and viewed it as evidence of British tyranny and oppression. The event became a rallying cry for the American Revolution and helped to fuel anti-British sentiment among the colonists. Ultimately, the Boston Massacre played a key role in the lead-up to the American Revolution, which began several years later in 1775.
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Read the research problem context below and answer the questions that follow:
The Covid 19 pandemic negatively impacted many businesses. Like many of these firms, Andand Hospitality, a major tourism agency in the country, suffered financial losses due to the decline in tourist visitors. Even after the easing of national lockdown restrictions, the company failed to attract more visitors to its hotels and parks.
Andand Hospitality would like to understand why fewer patrons visit their hotels and parks.
You are briefed on the problem Andand Hospitality is currently facing and requested to prepare a research plan to investigate the issue.
(By the examiner)
2.1 Prepare a research plan using the following headings:
Statement of the research purpose
• Research problem
State the main research objective
Required: For each heading:
Create a practical example in each section, drawn from the above problem context. (2 Marks)
. Briefly explain the research concept (4 Marks)
(18 marks)
2.2 Examine the issues that influence the use of a research hypothesis in a study.
(
One of the main factors that influence the use of research hypothesis is the nature of the research problem. Another factor that influences the use of research hypotheses is the research design.
Statement of the research purpose: Andand Hospitality is facing a decline in the number of tourists visiting their hotels and parks. The primary objective of the research is to identify the cause for this and formulate effective measures to counter it.
Research problem: The research problem is the decrease in the number of tourists visiting Andand Hospitality's hotels and parks.
State the main research objective: The primary objective of the research is to understand the reasons for the decline in the number of tourists visiting and Hospitality's hotels and parks and formulate measures to counter it.
Statement of the research purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the factors leading to the decline in the number of tourists visiting Andand Hospitality's hotels and parks.
Research problem: Andand Hospitality has experienced a decrease in the number of tourists visiting their hotels and parks.
State the main research objective: The primary objective of this study is to identify the reasons behind the decline in the number of tourists visiting Andand Hospitality's hotels and parks and provide solutions to combat the issue.
Research concept: Research is a systematic process of gathering, analyzing and interpreting information to solve a problem. The process involves various stages, including identifying a research problem, formulating research questions or hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, and presenting the findings. The ultimate goal of research is to generate knowledge that can be applied to practical situations.
Research concept:
Research is a process of systematic inquiry that aims to generate knowledge and understanding of a particular phenomenon. The research process involves identifying a problem, defining research questions or hypotheses, collecting data, analyzing data, and presenting findings. The research process is guided by the scientific method, which involves the formulation of testable hypotheses and the collection of empirical evidence to support or refute them.
Examination of the issues that influence the use of research hypothesis in a study: Research hypothesis is a tentative statement that explains the relationship between variables in a study. The use of research hypotheses can be influenced by several factors, including the nature of the research problem, the research design, and the availability of data.
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Question 2 (25 marks) Risky Business is looking at a project with the estimated cash flow as follows: Initial Investment at start of project: $3,600,000 Cash Flow at end of Year 1: $500,000 Cash Flow at end of Years 2 through 6: $625,000 each year Cash Flow at end of Year 7 through 9: $530,000 each year Cash Flow at end of Year 10: $385,000 Risky Business wants to know the payback period, NPV, IRR, and Pl of this project. The appropriate discount rate for the project is 14% and the cutoff period is six years for major projects. Determine if the project is accepted or rejected under the four different decision models. Give reasons for your decisions. Should the company finally accept the project? Give reason.
The payback period is 5.2 years, NPV is -$171,169, IRR is 10.98%, and PI is 0.947. Under the payback period model, the project is accepted as it is less than the cutoff period of 6 years.
However, under the NPV, IRR, and PI models, the project is rejected as all values are negative or less than the required rate of return. Therefore, the project should be rejected based on these models. The negative NPV indicates that the project's present value of cash flows is lower than the initial investment, and the IRR is lower than the discount rate, resulting in a negative NPV. The PI value less than 1 indicates that the project's present value of cash flows is less than the initial investment, further supporting the rejection decision.
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Provide examples of how Burger King's line extension strategies cannibalize its own product
(affect the sales of other products)
(Cannibalization - the introduction of a new item in the same line extension affect the sales of
others from the same extension)
(e.g : release of new burgers affected the sales of other burgers)
Please provide evidence and reliable sources
Burger King has a line extension strategy which can be defined as a marketing plan to extend the reach of a brand by introducing a new product within the same product line or category. Burger King's line extension strategies can be a threat to the sales of other products and can lead to cannibalization of sales.
Below are examples of how Burger King's line extension strategies cannibalize its own product:The introduction of the Impossible Whopper, which is a vegetarian burger that has a flavor similar to the regular Whopper, affected the sales of the regular Whopper. According to Restaurant Brands International, the parent company of Burger King, the introduction of the Impossible Whopper increased foot traffic to its stores, but also led to a decrease in sales of the regular Whopper.
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Suppose a consumer has an expenditure function e(p,u)=( A
p 1
+ B
p 2
)×u (a) Find this consumer's Hicksian Demand for good 1 . (b) Find this consumer's Indirect Utility Function. (c) Find this consumer's Marshallian Demand Function. (d) (Bonus) Given your results, what can you say about this consumer's preferences?
The consumer's expenditure function is given by e(p,u)=(A/p1 + B/p2)×u. From this, we can derive the consumer's Hicksian demand, Indirect Utility Function, and Marshallian Demand Function.
These are essential in understanding the consumer's behavior and preferences in response to changes in prices and income. (a) The Hicksian demand for good 1 can be derived from the expenditure function and is given by h1(p,u) = A×u/p1. (b) The Indirect Utility function is obtained by substituting the budget constraint (income, m) into the utility function, and in this case, it is v(p,m) = m / (A/p1 + B/p2). (c) Marshallian (or ordinary) demand function is the same as Hicksian demand in this case, so x1(p,m) = h1(p,u) = A×m/p1. (d) The consumer's preferences are homothetic and linear since the expenditure function is linear in utility, and both Hicksian and Marshallian demands are proportional to income/utility.
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What performance measures should be used by your stakeholders to assess your company's performance? What are their relative importance to each other? The simulation offers 8 performance measures: 1. Cumulative Profit 2. Ending Market Share 3. Average ROS 4. Average Asset Turnover 5. Average ROA 6. Average ROE 7. Ending Stock Price 8. Ending Market Capitalization You will find a brief explanation for each measure on the website under Homework |Success Measures.
The performance measures that should be used by your stakeholders to assess your company's performance are:
Cumulative Profit: Cumulative profit refers to the total profits earned by a company over a certain period of time. It is an important measure of a company's financial success and stability. The company can use this measure to assess its financial performance and identify areas where it needs to improve.
Ending Market Share: This performance measure is used to determine the percentage of the market a company holds at the end of the reporting period. It is an important measure for companies that compete in crowded or highly competitive markets. It helps companies to assess their performance against their competitors and identify areas where they need to improve.
Average ROS: The average ROS or return on sales is a measure of the profitability of a company. It is calculated by dividing the net income by the total revenue. It is an important measure of a company's ability to generate profits from its sales.
Average Asset Turnover: Asset turnover is a measure of how efficiently a company is using its assets to generate revenue. It is calculated by dividing the total revenue by the average total assets. It is an important measure of a company's operational efficiency and effectiveness.
Average ROA: Average ROA or return on assets is a measure of how efficiently a company is using its assets to generate profits. It is calculated by dividing the net income by the average total assets. It is an important measure of a company's financial performance and stability.
Average ROE: Average ROE or return on equity is a measure of how efficiently a company is using its equity to generate profits. It is calculated by dividing the net income by the average equity. It is an important measure of a company's financial performance and stability.
Ending Stock Price: Ending stock price is a measure of how much the company's shares are worth at the end of the reporting period. It is an important measure for investors who are interested in buying or selling the company's shares.
Ending Market Capitalization: Ending market capitalization is a measure of how much the company is worth in the market. It is calculated by multiplying the number of outstanding shares by the current market price per share. It is an important measure for investors who are interested in buying or selling the company's shares.The relative importance of each of these performance measures depends on the stakeholders. Some stakeholders may be more interested in the company's financial performance, while others may be more interested in the company's market position or growth potential. The company should prioritize the performance measures based on the interests and needs of its stakeholders.
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