If the volume of the container were increased to 4.0 L, more N₂ and H₂ would be produced (Option D)
What is chemical equilibrium?
This is simply defined as a state in a chemical system where there is no observable change in the properties of the system with time.
Principle of chemical equilibriumA French scientist postulated a principle which helps us to understand a chemical system in equilibrium.
The principle states as follow:
If a an external constraint such as change in temperature, pressure or concentration is imposed on a system in equilibrium, the equilibrium will shift so as to neutralize the effect.
How to determine what will happen if the volume of the container is increased from 2 L to 4 LFrom the principle given above, we can see that volume does not affect equilirium position.
However, from Boyle's law, we understood that pressure and volume are in invest relationship.
Thus, increasing volume simply means decreasing pressure.
A decrease in pressure will favors the side where there is an increase in volume.
Let us consider the equation from the question:
N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) <=> 2NH₃(g)
Volume of reactants = 1 + 3 = 4 LVolume of products = 2 LThus, we can conclude that increasing the volume (i.e decreasing the pressure) of the reaction will favors the backward reaction, hence, more N₂ and H₂ would be produced.
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Heliox is a mixture of helium and oxygen gas used to help patients with breathing difficulties. It is also used for scuba diving. The total pressure in a tank of heliox is 208 atm. If the mole fraction of o2 is 0. 220, what is the partial pressure of he in the tank?.
It should be noticed that the mole fraction of all the system's components is 1.
Describe a mole fraction.the proportion between the moles of one component in a solution or other combination and the total moles of all the components.
What is a mole fraction and an illustration of one?In a mixture, a mole fraction is the ratio of molecules of one component. By way of illustration, if the mole fraction of methane in a gas is 0.90, then this implies that 90% of the molecules are methane. Since the amount fractions resemble mole fractions, methane makes up an additional 90% of the mixture.
The mole fraction is calculated in what way?By dividing the solute's moles by all the other molecules in solution, you may determine the solute's mole fraction.
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Sonam has a tank that holds 0.5L of air at a temperature of 300K and a pressure
of 880kPa.
What volume would the air occupy if it were released into the atmosphere, where
the pressure is 102kPa and the temperature is 327K?
Answer:
4.70 L
Explanation:
Use the basic relationship:
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
Re-arrange to:
P1V1 T2 / (T1P2) = V2 To find the new volume
Sub in the values:
880 * .5 * 327 / ( 300*102) = 4.70 L
Which of the following are considered to be
part of the study of chemistry?
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY
a
properties of matter
b changes to matter
C
interactions between living things
d composition of matter
Chemistry deals with elements and compounds. The properties of matter, changes to matter, and composition of matter are studied in chemistry. Thus, options a, b, and d are correct.
What is chemistry?Chemistry is said to be a scientific field under natural sciences that studies the structure, properties, and composition of matter. It includes atoms, elements, and compounds.
The chemistry includes topics like the properties of matter, including the volume, density, temperature, etc., changes to a matter involving condensation, freezing, vaporization, melting, etc.
The composition of matter including the sub-atomic levels is studied in chemistry. Whereas, the interactions between living things are studied in biology.
Therefore, options a, b, and d. the properties, changes, and composition are studied in chemistry.
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CaCO3(s) CaO(s) + CO₂(g)
3.25 mol CaCO3 decomposes according to the reaction above. What volume of CO2 gas is produced once the gas cools to STP?
Taking into account the reaction stoichiometry and the definition of STP, 72.8 L of CO₂ gas is produced once the gas cools to STP.
Reaction stoichiometryIn first place, the balanced reaction is:
CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂
By reaction stoichiometry (that is, the relationship between the amount of reagents and products in a chemical reaction), the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:
CaCO₃: 1 moleCaO: 1 moleCO₂: 1 moleSTP conditionsThe STP conditions refer to the standard temperature and pressure. Pressure values at 1 atmosphere and temperature at 0 ° C are used and are reference values for gases. And in these conditions 1 mole of any gas occupies an approximate volume of 22.4 liters.
Moles of CO₂ formedThe following rule of three can be applied: if by reaction stoichiometry 1 mole of CaCO₃ form 1 mole of CO₂, 3.25 moles of CaCO₃ form how many moles of CO₂?
[tex]moles of CO_{2} =\frac{3.25 moles of CaCO_{3}x 1 mole of CO_{2}}{1 moleof CaCO_{3}}[/tex]
moles of CO₂= 3.25 moles
Then, 3.25 moles of CO₂ are formed when 3.25 moles of CaCO₃ decomposes.
Now, you can apply the following rule of three: if by definition of STP conditions 1 mole of CO₂ occupies a volume of 22.4 liters, 3.25 moles occupies how much volume?
[tex]volume= \frac{3.25 molesx22.4 L}{1 mole}[/tex]
volume= 72.8 L
Finally, 72.8 L of CO₂ gas is produced once the gas cools to STP.
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If an isotope of oxygen has 8 protons, 10 neutrons, and 8 electrons, its mass number is_______.
Answer:
mass number = 18
Explanation:
The mass number is the total amount of protons and neutrons in an atom. Therefore, if there are 8 protons and 10 neutrons, the mass number is 18 (8 + 10 = 18).
When solutions of sodium sulfide and copper(ii) sulfate are mixed, a precipitate of copper(ii) sulfide is formed. what is the net ionic equation for this reaction?
When solutions of sodium sulfide and copper(ii) sulfate are mixed, a precipitate of copper(ii) sulfide is formed. The net ionic equation for this reaction is Cu⁺² (aq) + S⁻² (aq) → CuS (s).
What is Balanced Chemical Equation ?The balanced chemical equation is the equation in which the number of atoms on the reactant side is equal to the number of atoms on the product side in an equation.
Now first write the balanced chemical equation
CuSO₄ (aq) + Na₂S (aq) → CuS(s) + Na₂SO₄ (aq)
Now write the net ionic equation
Cu⁺² (aq) + SO₄⁻² (aq) + 2Na⁺ (aq) + S⁻² (aq) → CuS (s) + 2Na⁺ + SO₄⁻² (aq)
So the net ionic equation is
Cu⁺² (aq) + S⁻² (aq) → CuS (s)
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that When solutions of sodium sulfide and copper(ii) sulfate are mixed, a precipitate of copper(ii) sulfide is formed. The net ionic equation for this reaction is Cu⁺² (aq) + S⁻² (aq) → CuS (s).
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When comparing the titration curves for the titration of a strong acid with a strong base and the titration of a weak acid with a strong base, which portion of the curves will be the most similar?
When comparing the titration curves for the titration of a strong acid with a strong base and the titration of a weak acid with a strong base, pH increases when we reach the equivalent point.
In strong acid and strong baseInitially the pH rises little by little. This is because the scale of the pH increases is logarithmic. Then it rises sharply near the equivalent point. At this point the remaining hydronium ions are low, and only a small amount of hydroxide ion is needed to raise the pH.
For weak acid and strong baseWeak acid has low pH but second point is firstly the pH rises faster but less quickly when approaching the equivalent point.
The pH produced by titration of weak acid with strong base rises faster at first but less quickly when approaching the equivalent point.
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Extra was made by mixing different components together but it appears to have only one phase which term best describes categorizes make sure a
Solution is the term which best describes mixture A which was made by mixing different components together but has only one phase.
What is solution?Any mixture of one or more solutes that have been dissolved in a solvent is referred to as a solution.To create a homogenous mixture, a solute must dissolve in a solvent.The material known as a solute dissolves in a solvent to form a homogenous mixture.The material that is present in the highest concentration is called a solvent.A true solution won't spin apart in a centrifuge.It has a uniform distribution of particles.Example of homogenous mixture is the solution of salt and water.Learn more about solution here:
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What is the specific heat of a metal if 175 j are needed in order to increase the temperature of a 50. g sample from 25 âc to 50. âc? report your answer with two significant figures.
Taking into account the definition of calorimetry, the specific heat of the metal is 0.14 [tex]\frac{J}{gC}[/tex].
CalorimetryCalorimetry is the measurement and calculation of the amounts of heat exchanged by a body or a system.
Sensible heat is defined as the amount of heat that a body absorbs or releases without any changes in its physical state (phase change).
So, the equation that allows to calculate heat exchanges is:
Q = c× m× ΔT
where:
Q is the heat exchanged by a body of mass m.
c is specific heat substance.
ΔT is the temperature variation.
In this way, between heat and temperature there is a direct proportional relationship (Two magnitudes are directly proportional when there is a constant so that when one of the magnitudes increases, the other also decreases; and the same happens when either of the two decreases .).
The constant of proportionality depends on the substance that constitutes the body and its mass, and is the product of the specific heat by the mass of the body.
Specific heat of the metal
In this case, you know:
Q= 175 Jm= 50 gc= ?ΔT= Tfinal - Tinitial= 50 C - 25 C= 25 CReplacing in the expression to calculate heat exchanges:
175 J= c× 50× 25 C
Solving:
c=[tex]\frac{175 J}{50 gx25C}[/tex]
c=0.14 [tex]\frac{J}{gC}[/tex]
Finally, the specific heat of the metal is 0.14 [tex]\frac{J}{gC}[/tex].
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What is the molarity of a solution in which 55. 49 g of calcium chloride is dissolved in enough water to make 500. ml of solution?
The molarity of a solution in which 55. 49 g of calcium chloride is dissolved in enough water to make 500. ml of solution is 1M.
What is molarity?It is defined as number of moles of solute divided by volume of solution.
Given,
Mass of CaCl2 =55.49g
Molar mass of CaCl2 =40+35+35=110g
Mole= given mass/ molar mass
= 55.49/110=0.50mol.
Now, putting all values we get the molarity
Molarity =0.5×1000/500=1M
Thus, the molarity of given solution is 1M.
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Can someone help me create energy diagrams for these three reactions?
The energy diagrams of the synthesis, single replacement, and double replacement reactions are found in the attached image.
What are energy profile diagrams?Energy profile diagrams are diagrams which illustrate the potential energy changes that occur when reactant molecule combine to form products.
The energy diagrams shows the potential energy of the reaction, the energy of the transition state of the reaction, the activation energy of the reaction, as well as the potential energy of the products.
From energy diagrams, the enthalpy change of a reaction can be determined. Also, it can also be established whether the reaction is exothermic or endothermic.
For exothermic reactions, the enthalpy change is negative since the potential energy of the reactants is greater than the potential energy of the products.
For endothermic reactions, the enthalpy change is positive since the potential energy of the reactants is less than the potential energy of the products.
Based on this therefore, the energy diagrams of the given reactions have been constructed and are found in the attached image.
In conclusion, energy diagrams are used to show energy changes occurring in a reaction.
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In state n = 1, the energy of the hydrogen atom is -13. 58 ev. what is its energy in state n = 2?
In state n = 1, the energy of the hydrogen atom is -13. 58 ev, then the energy in state n = 2 is -3.40eV.
For an electron located in an inner orbit to jump an upper orbit, it needs an energy equal to the difference between the two quantized orbits. This energy comes from the absorption of a photon with the same energy required. The formula for the energy levels of a Hydrogen atom is:
En = E/(n×n)
where E is the energy of the ground state and n is the energy level or state. Then the energy in n= 1 is
En = -13. 58/ 4
En = -3. 40eV
Thus, we find the value of energy of hydrogen atom in n=2 is -3. 40eV.
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________ is dissolved in water to make the solution sold commercially as rubbing alcohol.
Answer:
Isopropyl alcohol or Propan-2-ol
Explanation:
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Consider the Diels-Alder reaction of anthracene and maleic anhydride. What is the role of each of the reactants
The role of each of the reactants are:
The o=benzene (extra line+C)=o acts as the [Dienophile]The three benzene rings acts as the [diene]What is the Diels-Alder reaction?
The Diels–Alder reaction is known to be a kind of reaction that is said to exist between what we call a conjugated diene and that of an alkene (dienophile).
Note that the union of both leads to a unsaturated six-membered rings and because the reaction is one that entails the formation of a cyclic product through what we call a cyclic transition state, it is said to be known as a "cycloaddition".
Note that from the experiment, The role of each of the reactants are:
The o=benzene (extra line+C)=o acts as the [Dienophile]The three benzene rings acts as the [diene]Learn more about Diels-Alder reaction from
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Would chromium-51 be useful for dating rocks containing chromium?
The hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5‑bisphosphate (pip2) by phospholipase c generates which two secondary messengers?
The hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5‑bisphosphate (pip2) by phospholipase C generates inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate ( [tex]IP_{3}[/tex] ) and diacylglycerol (DAG) secondary messengers.
The small molecules and ions relay signals received by cell-surface receptors to effector protein is referred as second messenger.Examples of secondary messengers are cyclic AMP,cyclic GMP inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate ( [tex]IP_{3}[/tex] ) ,diacylglycerol (DAG) ,and calcium. [tex]IP_{3}[/tex] induces a transient increase in intracellular free [tex]Ca^{+2}[/tex] ,whereas DAG directly activates protein kinase C.
There are two distinct kinds of signaling pathways that use phosphatidylinositol. Phospholipase C breaks down phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate to create IP3, which serves as a crucial part of the Ca-signaling mechanism described earlier.
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Q4. When 20 g of salt is added to a beaker containing 100 g of water, the salt dissolves and seems to disappear as a solution is formed. A) What is the mass now? B) Explain your answer.
The mass of the solution is equal to 120 g. As the salt dissolves in water so it disappears when the solution is formed.
Why does salt dissolve in water?The salt dissolves in water at the molecular level, due to electrical charges. Due to this fact that both water and salt are polar, with positive and negative charges on opposite sides of their molecule. The bonds in salt are ionic and have an electrical charge.
Likewise, a water molecule is also ionic in nature, but the covalent bonds are present with two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, which has a negative charge. The salt dissolves because the covalent bonds of water molecules are stronger than the ionic bonds present in the salt molecules.
The mass of the given salt is equal to 20 g while the mass of water is 100g. The total mass of the solution is equal to the sum of the mass of the solute and the mass of the solvent. Therefore, the mass of the solution will be equal to 120 grams whether the salt gets dissolved in water and get disappeared.
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Each individual candy/isotope is the same and will take the same amount of time to decay.
a. true
b. false
It is false that ' Each individual candy/isotope is the same and will take the same amount of time to decay ' .
It is impossible to predict when an individual radioactive atom will decay .
The formula of half life day does not describe the exact amount of time that is every single atom experience before became right. The nuclear reaction follows first order kinetics and have rate constant which is independent of temperature.
The atoms of the same elements , having the same atomic number but different mass numbers is called isotopes .
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At the most basic level, in order to produce oxygen and a carbohydrate (comprised of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen), carbon dioxide must react with _________ as a source of hydrogen.
At the most basic level, in order to produce oxygen and a carbohydrate (comprised of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen), carbon dioxide must react with water as a source of hydrogen.
In order to construct carbohydrate molecules (often glucose) and release oxygen into the atmosphere, photosynthesis utilises carbon dioxide and water. Photosynthesis occurs in organelles called chloroplasts found in eukaryotic autotrophs like plants and algae.
Commonly used notation for photosynthesis is:
6CO[tex]_{2}[/tex] + 6H[tex]_{2}[/tex]O C[tex]_{6}[/tex]H[tex]_{12}[/tex]O[tex]_{6}[/tex] + 6O[tex]_{2}[/tex]
This indicates that the reactants, six carbon dioxide molecules and six water molecules, are transformed into a sugar molecule and six oxygen molecules, the products, by light energy being absorbed by chlorophyll.
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You are working in a lab on your magnetic levitation experiment. You are standing directly in front of two magnets. Another scientist near you has a malfunction with their equipment and gamma radiation is emitted directly at you, passing through the magnets first. You are wearing a lab coat and goggles. Are you safe?
A. Yes, gamma radiation is not deflected by magnets but it is easily blocked by the lab coat.
B. Yes, gamma radiation is strongly deflected by magnets so it would have missed you.
C. No, gamma radiation is only slightly deflected by magnets so it would still hit you if you were close to the magnets.
No, gamma radiation is only slightly deflected by magnets so it would still hit you if you were close to the magnets. That is option C.
What is magnetic levitation?Magnetic levitation which is also called magnetic suspension is defined as the phenomenon in which two magnetic objects are repelled from each other in a vertical direction.
Gamma radiation is defined as a type of electromagnetic wave with the highest energy and shortest wave length.
The gamma rays do not possess any charge and therefore are not affected by electric or magnetic fields.
Therefore, when gamma radiation is mistakenly emitted directly at you, passing through the magnets first, it will still hit you because the ray are only slightly deflected by magnets.
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How many moles of h2o are produced in neutralization when 1. 5 mole of mg(oh)2 reacts with h2so4?
There are 3 moles of [tex]H_{2} O[/tex] are produced in neutralization when 1. 5 mole of [tex]Mg(OH)_{2}[/tex] reacts with [tex]H_{2} SO_{4[/tex]
The neutralization reaction between magnesium hydroxide and sulfuric acid is given as,
[tex]Mg(OH)_{2} + H_{2} SO_{4[/tex] → [tex]MgSO_{4} + 2H_{2} O[/tex]
from above chemical equation , we can conclude the molar ratio = 1:2
It means two moles of water molecule is produce from one mole of magnesium hydroxide.
So, number of moles of water molecules produced from 1. 5 mole of magnesium hydroxide = 1. 5 mole× 2 = 3 moles
Therefore, number of moles of water molecules produced from 1. 5 mole of magnesium hydroxide is 3 moles.
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Solutions having osmotic pressures less than those of body fluids are called group of answer choices isosmotic. hyperosmotic. hyposmotic. neosmotic. magnosmotic
The solutions having osmotic pressure less than those of body fluids are called as hypoosmotic , therefore option C is correct.
What is osmotic pressure?Osmotic pressure is defined as the pressure that would be required to stop water from diffusing through a barrier by osmosis.
It is essentially a colligative feature that completely depends on the solute particle concentration in the solution.
Higher concentrations and higher temperatures increase osmotic pressure.
Osmotic pressure can be calculated using the following equation:
Π = MRT
where,
Π=osmotic pressure
M=Molar concentration of solution
R=Real gas constant
T=Temperature in Kelvin
Solutions having osmotic pressure less than those of body fluids are called as hypoosmotic solutions ,hence option C is correct.
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Please Help!
9/4Be + 4/2He = 12/6c + ?
a. 1/0n
b. 0/1e
c. 0/1H
d. 2/1H
Answer:
(1/0)n
See attached explanation.
What is the molar absorptivity () of benzoic acid at 228 nm? assume that the path length is 1. 00 cm
The molar absorptivity () of benzoic acid at 228 nm? assume that the path length is 1. 00 cm is = 11178 M-1. cm-1
We are given, absorbance spectrum and from that the absorbance of benzoic acid at 228 nm
Absorbance = 0.8
Now we need to calculate the molar absorptivity of benzoic acid at 228 nm
We know at the 228 nm the A = 0.8 and C = 8.74 mg/L.
We also given the l = 1 cm
Moles of benzoic acid = 0.00874 g / 122.12 g.mol-1
= 7.16*10-5 moles
So, C of benzoic acid = 7.16*10-5 moles / L
We know the
ε = A/C*l
= 0.80 / 7.16*10-5 M. 1 cm
= 11178 M-1. cm-1
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You are working in a lab on your magnetic levitation experiment. you are standing directly in front of two magnets. another scientist near you has a malfunction with their equipment and beta radiation is emitted directly at you, passing through the magnets first. you are wearing a lab coat and goggles. are you safe?
Yes, because magnets strongly deflect beta radiation, you wouldn't have been affected.
What should a lab do and not do?Guidelines for conduct in the science lab
Never consume food or beverages in a science lab.Avoid attempting to be a mad scientist.Avoid going into the lab without an adult present.Do put on appropriate clothing.Clean up the workspace and dispose of the trash.Do keep in mind where the emergency supplies are kept.Which method ensures lab safety?Avoid coming into contact with chemicals directly. Never taste, smell, or inhale lab chemicals. After taking off your gloves and before leaving the work area, wash your hands and arms thoroughly with soap and water. In a lab, never consume food or liquids, chew gum or tobacco, light up, or use cosmetics.learn more about lab safety here
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If the viscosity of a solution is quadrupled, the rms-average distance of a collection of diffusing molecules from their starting point would be _________ over the same amount of time
The viscosity of a solution is quadrupled, the rms-average distance of a collection of diffusing molecules from their starting point would be [tex]\frac{1}{2}[/tex] over the same amount of time.
If the viscosity of a solution is quadrupled then the distance of collection of diffusing molecules would be half over the same amount of time. The viscosity of the molecules is dependent on density of the liquid. It is independent to the volume of the liquid.
What is viscosity?Viscosity is measure of a fluid's resistance of flow.
The SI unit of viscosity is Poiseuille (PI) is other units ae newton second per square meter or pascal second. The dimensional formula of viscosity is [[tex]ML^{-1}T^{-1}[/tex]].
The viscosity of liquids decreases rapidly with an increase in temperature, and the viscosity of gases increases with an increase in temperature.
η = [tex]\frac{2ga^{2} (Δρ)}{9v}[/tex]
Where (Δρ) is the density difference between fluid and sphere tested, a is the radius of the sphere, g is the acceleration due to gravity and v is the velocity of the sphere.
Viscosity Types:
Viscosity is the measure of fluid's friction to it's flow. There are two ways to measure the fluid is viscosity is follows:
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As filtrate moves down the loop of henle, the surrounding interstitial fluid becomes _____ concentrated than the filtrate, so _____ leaves the filtrate.
As filtrate moves down the loop of Henle, the surrounding interstitial fluid becomes more concentrated than the filtrate, so water leaves the filtrate.
Which are products of nuclear fusion? check all that apply. energy helium gas high temperatures hydrogen gas low pressure
The products created during nuclear fusion are Energy and Helium Gas
Overall, two positrons, two neutrinos (which convert two of the protons into neutrons), and energy are released along with the fusion of four protons into one alpha particle.
What is Nuclear fission ?Nuclear fission is a nuclear reaction in which low energy neutrons are used to smash the nucleus of an atom into smaller nuclei. In this process, a large amount of energy is released. Nuclear fission reactions are employed in nuclear power reactors due to their simplicity and high energy output.
What is Nuclear fusion ?When two or more atoms come together to produce one heavier nucleus, the process is known as nuclear fusion. This process releases a tremendous quantity of energy, far more than the energy
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N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3 △H = -92 kJ / mol
Which of the following statements is correct?
(A) The energy taken in to break bonds is greater than the energy released in making bonds.
(B) The temperature increases.
(C) The reaction is endothermic.
(D) The potential energy of the product is greater than that of the reactant.
(E) Heat is absorbed into the reaction.
Explanation:
(e)the heat is absorbed into the reaction .
What is the optimum ph of a sodium formate/formic acid buffer? (for formic acid, ka = 1. 7 × 10–4. )
The optimum pH of formic acid - formate buffer is 3.75
What is pH? pH is a measure of how acidic/basic water is. The range goes from 0 - 14, with 7 being neutral. pHs of less than 7 indicate acidity, whereas a pH of greater than 7 indicates a base. pH is really a measure of the relative amount of free hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in the water.What is Buffer ?
A substance or a solution which resists any changes in pH, when acid or alkali is added to it.
pH = pKa + log[base] / [acid]
Considering equimolar concentration of acid and base
pH = 3.75 + log(x)/(x)
pH = 3.75 + log (1)
pH = 3.75 + 0
pH = 3.75
Hence,
The optimum pH of formic acid - formate buffer is 3.75
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