A sequence of biotic changes that regenerate or create an ecological community is known as Succession.
Ecological succession is the gradual evolution of a community's constituent species over time. The process by which a region's species and habitat mix evolves over time is called ecological succession. These communities gradually replace one another until a "climax community" is attained, such as a mature forest, or until a disruption, such as a fire, happens. A key idea in ecology is ecological succession.
Nudation, Invasion, Competition and Co-action, Reaction, and Climax or Stabilization are the five stages of succession. At the same location, a succession of biotic communities organically emerge one after another until the Climax stage is reached. In their early stages, biotic communities evolve slowly.
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which enzyme is responsible for the majority of the digestions of lipids? which enzyme is responsible for the majority of the digestions of lipids? gastric lipase lingual lipase bile pancreatic lipase
In order to enzymatically digest lipid molecules, the digestive process first breaks those huge droplets of fat into smaller droplets using lipases, an enzyme.
What specific enzymes are involved in the breakdown of lipids?Enzymes known as lipases are present in pancreatic juice (enzymes that break down lipids). Lipases have relatively limited surface area to work with when the lipid in the chyme clumps into big globules, rendering lipid digestion ineffective.
Which enzyme, according to this quizlet, digests lipids most frequently?Triglyceride digestion takes place mostly in the small intestine, where bile and pancreatic lipase work to break down the fats into forms that may be absorbed.
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what is an example of a mutualistic relationship in which one species provides defenses against herbivory for the other?
Ant and acacia tree is an example of a mutualistic relationship in which one species provides defenses against herbivory for the other .
Acacia trees produce shelter by developing specialized structures also feed the ant colony, and the ants, in turn, defend the tree against herbivores.
Mutualism is the formation of a relationship that will mutually benefit two parties that are distinct and are in the relationship. In this kind of relationship Both the partners will be equally benefited from the each other . this is one of the most positive association between two different individual that stay and protect each other .
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19. Leah cuts a small stem from an azalea plant in her garden and gives it to John. John takes the cutting home and plants it in his garden. In a few months, the small stem has grown into a full-sized plant. Which of these choices correctly describes this situation? A) John's plant reproduced by budding, and is genetically different than the plant in Leah's garden. B) John's plant reproduced by vegetative reproduction, and is genetically identical to the plant in Leah's garden. C) John's plant reproduced by binary fission, and is genetically different than the plant in Leah's garden. D) John's plant reproduced by spore formation, and is genetically identical to plant in Leah's garden
John's plant reproduced by vegetative reproduction, and is genetically identical to the plant in Leah's garden.
Vegetative reproduction is any type of asexual reproduction that takes place in plants and involves the growth of a new plant from a piece of the parent plant or a specially designed reproductive structure (such as a stolon, rhizome, tuber, corm, or bulb). The two kinds of vegetative reproduction are as follows: Reproduction by stem, leaf, and root are all natural vegetative methods. Cutting, layering, grafting, and micro-propagation are all types of artificial vegetative propagation. When a single egg is fertilized by a single sperm and divides into two after fertilization, the outcome is identical twins, also known as monozygotic twins. Twins that are identical have the same genomes and are always the same sex.
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Someone please help...
Construct a model explaining the seasonal (black curve) fluctation of atmospheric CO2 at the global scale.
Thank you☆
The annual changes in carbon dioxide are caused by seasonal plant growth, whereas the cumulative rise over many years is due to a combination of fossil fuel consumption, deforestation, and cement production.
What is the fluctuating atmospheric CO2 at the global scale?Although photosynthesis also takes place in the oceans, only land-based photosynthesis drives the seasonal cycles, since very little of the CO2 produced there actually enters the atmosphere.
Therefore, Since seasonal CO2 swings are a result of photosynthesis, areas with more vegetation will see more variations.
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sexual reproduction enhances the rate of evolution, allowing nature to select for novel combinations of alleles. two genes are present on the same chromosome. one homolog carries the dominant a and b alleles, while the other homolog carries the a and b alleles. which specific process of the meiotic cell cycle will result in a recombinant chromosome (for example, a with b)? group of answer choices the pre-meiotic s phase segregation of homologs, during meiosis ii crossing over, during meiosis ii crossing over, during meiosis i segregation of homologs, during meiosis i
Crossing over during meiosis I will result in a recombinant chromosome.
Crossing over, or the joining of two homologous non-sister chromatids, occurs between prophase I and metaphase I and involves the exchange of different genetic components to create two recombinant chromosome sister chromatids. Therefore, third one is the correct choice.
Nearly all eukaryotic creatures, which developed from prokaryotes to become eukaryotes, have sexual reproduction. The last eukaryotic common ancestors developed sexual behaviour during the course of this evolutionary trajectory, re-assorting and recombining chromosomes through meiosis and controlled fusions of haploid gametes.
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josiah just cut open an orange for his lunch. the orange odor molecules make their way up to his nose and then get translated into neural signals through activation of the:
The orange odour molecules make their way up to his nose and then get translated into neural signals through activation of the olfactory epithelium.
Inside the nasal cavity, there is a membrane layer called the olfactory epithelium. The nasal cavity's ceiling is covered cellular tissue called the olfactory epithelium. The olfactory sensory system, which includes the olfactory epithelium, transmits smell signals to the brain. It accomplishes this by capturing scents that cross the cilia and then relaying information about them to the olfactory bulb.The front of the brain is home to the olfactory bulb. The olfactory bulb analyses the data and sends it to other areas of the brain once it receives it from the cells in the nasal cavity
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On the ventral surface of the brain, you can observe the optic nerves and chiasma, the pituitary gland, and the mammillary bodies. These externally visible structures form the floor of the __________.
On the ventral surface of the brain, the optic nerves and chiasma, the pituitary gland, and the mammillary bodies can be seen. These externally visible structure form the floor of the diencephalon.
Diencephalon is one part that lies behind the forebrain, which involves the thalamus, hypothalamus, and also the epithalamus.
The diencephalon one of the prominent parts of our brain. Its location is hidden and its size is bit small, the exact location of this diencephalon is between the hemispheres of the brain and on top of the brainstem.
Though it have small size still the diencephalon plays a prominent role in brain health and body action as the diencephalon is the part of the brain that give signals and coordinate with our body parts.
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Based on the parent genotypes and using this Punnett Square, what percentage of offspring can display the recessive trait?
Responses
100%
100%
50%
50%
25%
25%
0% No offspring can display the recessive trait
Answer:
you need too go ask a tutor about this
Explanation:
Answer:0% No offspring can display the recessive trait
Explanation:
just did the test
describe the scale of the infertility problem in ontario
It has been shown that the scale of infertility in Ontario has significantly increased since 16 percent of couples may experience this problem when this value was only 8 percent in less than four decades.
What do infertility problems mean?The expression infertility problem makes a reference to all types of health problems associated with the fertilization process such as for example, the presence of toxicants in the water that may alter sperm count number under the microscope.
It has been shown that infertility problems have increased considerably in several cities in Canada, where the rate double in the last forty (40) years.
Causes of infertility include:
Tobacco consumptionAlcohol Ovulation disorders in womenOverweight and or underweightOverexerciseTherefore, with this data, we can see that infertility problems have dramatically increased in some cities of Canada including Ontario, thereby an integral view of the problem is required to solve this issue.
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use your lesson notes to explain the results for the taste sensations in each of the regions of your tongue?
Microvilli, tiny hairs on the surface of taste buds, are incredibly sensitive. The brain receives information from those small hairs about how something tastes, telling you if it is sweet, sour, bitter, or salty.
Who defines taste buds?On the tongue, taste buds are comparatively tiny sensory organs that communicate with the brain about flavor.
These organs have nerve endings that metabolize the food you eat chemically.
Due to their extensive taste buds, people are able to distinguish between flavors that fall into the following five categories: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and savory.
According to the tongue map, the flavor of the tongue is sweet at first, salty and sour in the middle, and bitter in the end. In the field of taste research, it may be the most well-known symbol.
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Write a short essay
explaining at least 2
problems and 2 benefits
that may result from genetic
engineering. Include
examples of each. Must be
at least 2 paragraphs (8-10
sentences)
Genetic engineering is the process in which uses laboratory based technologies to alter the DNA makeup of an organism
Genetic engineering are the artificial manipulation and modification and recombination of DNA or other nucleic acid molecule in order to modify an organism or population of organism and for examples genetic engineering may involve adding a gene from one species to an organism from different species to produce a desired trait and it is used in research and industry
Genetic engineering has been applied to the production of cancer therapies and brewing yeast and genetically modified plants and livestock's
For example
Corn has been modified by food engineer to be resistant to specific bugs
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a type of descent group that is based on a claim to a founding ancestor but lacks genealogical documentation is a:
Lineage is a type of descent group that is based on a claim to a founding ancestor but lacks genealogical documentation.
Lineage analysis, which was designed to investigate early embryos, is by far the most powerful and comprehensive approach to finding stem cells and decoding other aspects of tissue activity. The cell constitutes the most fundamental structural unit of life.
Schleiden postulated that new cells form within old cells, particularly the nucleus. Rudolf Virchow created the "Theory of Cell Lineage," which claims that all cells emerge from pre-existing cells. A cell is recognized in a lineage-tracing research by the expression of a gene product.
When that cell splits, the reporter's expression is passed on to every descendants, and the migration of these tagged cells may be easily observed. Beta galactosidase or a fluorescence protein are examples of typical reporter genes.
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you are studying a bacteria plasmid that contains 5 operons and 15 genes. how many transcriptional promoters are on this plasmid and how many start codons?
Numerous catabolic operons have their transcription controlled by glucose. The three enzymes needed for conversion are encoded by the operon's five structural genes.
How many genes are there in an operon?Operons have a transcription promoter at the beginning, two to twelve genes on average, and a transcription terminator at the conclusion (Zheng et al. 2002; Lawrence 2003).
Yes, there is just one promoter for operons.An operon is a group of genes that all use the same transcriptional promoter. Every operon contains regulatory DNA sequences that act as binding sites for regulatory proteins that either promote or inhibit transcription.
The promoter is a 3 or a 5?An area of DNA known as a promoter is where RNA polymerase starts to transcribe a gene. Promoter sequences are often found directly in the genome.
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explain the functions of follicular dendritic cells (fdcs) in b cell activation and proliferation in lymphoid follicles, as well as their role in affinity maturation.
Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) are a specialized type of antigen-presenting dendritic cells that are largely restricted to lymphoid follicles. They capture immune complexes either directly from the lymph or from macrophages and move to the lymphoid tissue, where they transfer complement opsonized antigen to the FDCs.
Follicular dendritic cells in turn attract B cells and activate them. They form dense three-dimensional meshwork patterns within benign follicles, which maintain the follicular architecture.
Follicular dendritic cells take part in B-cell activation and play an important role during affinity maturation by displaying native antigens and by presenting survival signals to B cells and that they are involved in memory B-cell development.
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what is a type of body plan in which an animal's body is divided into nearly identical units? multiple choice question.
Answer: Segmented body plan
Explanation:
( will give brainliest and 5 stars)which of the following terms best describe meiosis? select four that apply
The four terms that best describe meiosis are gametes, 4 cells produced, independent assortment and genetic variation.
The type of cell division that takes place in sexually-reproducing organisms is called meiosis. In this process, a single gametic cell undergoes division twice to form four daughter cells, each containing only half the genetic information of the parent cells.
Recombination between the gametes i.e., exchange of genetic material between them, occurs in Prophase 1 of meiosis, which gives rise to genetically varying cells. The chromosomes then move to opposite poles and segregate independently of each other to form gametes and this process is called independent assortment.
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describe what happens during crossing over and what the benefits are of producing genetically diverse offspring.
Using the theories of crossing over, we got that producing genetically diverse off spring benefits species a better chance of surviving in an unpredictable or changing environment.
Crossing over is exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes during meiosis, which actually results in new allelic combinations in the daughter cells.
Each diploid cell contains two copies of every chromosome, one derived from maternal gamete and the other from paternal gamete. These pairs of chromosomes, are derived from one parent, are called homologous chromosomes. When the diploid organisms undergo sexual reproduction, they first produce haploid gametes through meiosis.
Hence,the benefits of producing genetically diverse offspring by crossing over is that it benefits species a better chance of surviving in an unpredictable or changing environment.
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a reduction in the amount of nadp available in plant cells in the light will ultimately result in which of the following effects? group of answer choices a decrease in the rate of cyclic electron flow a decrease in the rate of linear electron flow an increase in the rate of the calvin cycle an increase in the rate of oxygen production
Option a is correct that is reduction in the amount of NADP available in plant cells in the light will ultimately result in decrease in rate of cyclic electron flow.
In cyclic electron flow (CEF), photosystem I is the area where electrons are recycled. A transthylakoid proton gradient (pH) is produced as a result, which causes the generation of ATP without a corresponding increase in NADPH within the chloroplast.
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green plants use light from the sun to drive photosynthesis. photosynthesis is a chemical reaction in which water and carbon dioxide chemically react to form the simple sugar glucose and oxygen gas .what mass of simple sugar glucose is produced by the reaction of of carbon dioxide?be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.
13.27g mass of simple sugar glucose is produced by the reaction of 7.96 g of water.
since the chemical equation for photosynthesis is:
6CO₂+6H₂O→C₆H₁₂O₆+6O₂
from the equation, there are 6 moles of carbon dioxide which reacts with 6 moles of water to form 6 moles of oxygen and 1 mole of glucose sugar. Since we know the molar mass of water is 18.01 g/mol.For 7.96g of moles of water will be :
nH₂O = 7.96/18.01g⋅mol−1
=0.442mol
From the reaction we get to there is the production of 1 mole of glucose from 6 moles of water, by the reaction of 0.442 moles of water, the number of moles of sugar formed is :
nC₆H₁₂O₆= (1molC₆H₁₂O/6molH₂O )X0.442molH₂O
= 0.074mol
Since the molar mass of glucose is 180.16 g/mol, so the mass of the simple sugar is
mC₆H₁₂O₆ = nC₆H₁₂O₆×MM
=0.074mol×180.16g⋅mol−1
=13.27g
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green plants use light from the sun to drive photosynthesis. photosynthesis is a chemical reaction in which water and carbon dioxide chemically react to form the simple sugar glucose and oxygen gas .what mass of simple sugar glucose is produced by the reaction of carbon dioxide of 7.96 g of water
what are disruptive, directional and stabilizing selection and which is most likely to lead to speciation? what are examples of each?
Natural selection in which a single phenotype is favored is Directional, in which extreme values of trait are favored over intermediate is disruptive and which favors stabilized phenotype is stabilizing selection.
Directional Selection
On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life, the seminal 1859 work by the English biologist and scientist Charles Darwin, was the first to identify directional selection as a type of natural selection.
According to the directional selection theory, an extreme phenotype—a set of features or characteristics—is preferred to other phenotypes, and as a result, the allele frequency—the frequency with which a gene variant appears in a population—shifts over time in favor of the extreme phenotype. In other words, a feature will manifest itself in the population with the highest frequency if it is favorable.
Giraffe neck lengths serve as an illustration of directed selection. Because they could reach more food in the trees, giraffes with longer necks were favored by the environment's selection pressure. At the same time, giraffes with shorter necks faced selection pressure. Both long and short necks are extreme phenotypes, but due to selection pressure over time, the long neck phenotype predominated; that is, this characteristic in giraffes moved in favor of long necks.
Stabilizing Selection
Stabilizing selection is also referred to as "middle-of-the-road" selection since it favors a non-extreme characteristic over one of the two extreme ones. Plant height is an illustration of this. Short plants may not receive enough sunlight in a population of plants, and towering plants may sustain wind damage. This causes a decrease in the number of very tall and very short plants and an increase in medium-height plants. Stabilizing selection is thought to be the most prevalent method of natural selection because most features do not change significantly over time.
Human birthweight and bird egg production are two other instances of stabilizing selection (clutch size). Human babies' birth weights keep within a range because newborns with extremely low birth weights have a lower chance of surviving and those with extremely high birth weights can cause difficulties during delivery that endanger both the mother and the baby's lives. There is a maximum number of eggs that can be laid by a certain bird species in a clutch. The clutch should contain just the right number of eggs to protect it against disease and/or predators, but not too many that the parent(s) will have trouble feeding.
Selective Disruption
Natural selection of this kind favors extreme features in a population and is bimodal. For instance, some pollinators in a population of plants will visit the tallest plants, while another species will visit the medium-height plants, and a third species will favor the lowest plants. Natural selection would favor tall and short plants, the two extreme phenotypes, and remove the pollinator that favors medium-height plants, causing medium-height plants to become less common.
The size of the beaks of finches on the Galapagos Islands, which Darwin observed, is a more well-known illustration of disruptive selection. Finches with large and small beaks (no finches with medium-sized beaks) were preferred on certain of the islands because the bulk of seeds discovered there was either huge or small.
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a researcher is studying the effects of a new drug on the endomembrane system. she notices the golgi apparatus is not receiving any proteins and that it is not able to ship any proteins. what part of the endomembrane system was probably affected by this new drug?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is that part of the endomembrane system which is probably affected by this new drug
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in several metabolic activities. It produces steroids, phospholipids like those found in plasma membranes, and lipids. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is overproduced in cells that emit these substances, such as cells in the testes, ovaries, and skin oil glands.
Proteins obtained from the ER are further processed and sorted in the Golgi apparatus, or Golgi complex, where they are eventually transported to lysosomes, the plasma membrane, or secretion. As was already mentioned, the Golgi apparatus also produces sphingomyelin and glycolipids.
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what are micelles? what are micelles? emulsifiers used to break fat globules into small droplets during digestion clusters of fatty acids, monoglycerides, and other lipids surrounded by bile salts that transport lipids across the cell membrane of the villi a type of lipoprotein needed to absorb lipids lipid-digesting enzymes located in the small intestine
Micelles are clusters of fatty acids, monoglycerides, and other lipids surrounded by bile salts that transport lipids across the cell membrane of the villi.
Micelles are carriers made of bile and phospholipids that could entice monoglycerides and fatty acids and shipping digested fat from meals to the enterocytes. When fats enters the small intestine, the gallbladder releases an emulsifier referred to as bile to interrupt up the big fats globules into smaller fats droplets.
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suppose two individuals with the genotype aabbcc are mated. assuming that the genes are not linked, what fraction of the offspring are expected to be homozygous recessive for the three traits?
100% of the progenies will be homozygous recessive for all the three traits, when two individuals with the genotype aabbcc are mated with no linkage in the genes.
Homozygous recessive is the condition of genotype where homozygous is the state where both the alleles in the genotype are of same type. Recessive is the condition where the alleles are not able to express their effect individually. They display their characters only when occur in a pair. If a cross is made between two homozygous recessive individuals, then all their progenies also show the same character.
Linkage is the property of closeness of genes. This unit of distance between the genes is centimorgan. If two genes have a distance of less than 50 centimorgan, they are said to be linked. A distance of 50 centimorgan or above states that the genes are not linked.
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what do each of the genes involved in maturity-onset diabetes of the young (mody) have in common?
The genes involved in maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) have in common that they each play a role in metabolism of glucose, or insulin action and release.
What is metabolism?The group of chemical processes in organisms that maintain life is known as metabolism. The three primary functions of metabolism are the transformation of food's energy into cellular energy, the synthesis of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and certain carbohydrates, and the removal of metabolic wastes. Organisms may grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and react to their environments thanks to these enzyme-catalyzed processes.
What do you understand by MODY?MODY, which stands for "Maturity-onset diabetes of the young," was previously known as Type 2 diabetes in adults because of how similar it behaved to Type 2 diabetes in young people. MODY is distinct from the juvenile form of diabetes in that it restricts the body's ability to manufacture insulin (Type 1 Diabetes).
Thus from above conclusion we can say that the genes involved in maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) have in common that they each play a role in metabolism of glucose, or insulin action and release.
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During _____of the cell cycle, the cell grows and replicates both its organelles and its chromosomes.
Answer:
interphase
Explanation:
In the cell cycle the longest stage is interphase. This is when the cell grows and copies its DNA before moving into mitosis.
when the outer layers of skin are pulled off a blister, exposure of the underlying tissue causes a great deal of pain. what type of sensory receptor is responsible for sensation of this pain?
Nociceptors are sensory receptors that detect signals from damaged tissue or the threat of damage and indirectly also respond to chemicals released from the damaged tissue. Nociceptors are free (bare) nerve endings found in the skin, muscle, joints, bone and viscera.
Also called pain receptors, nociceptors are a set of sensory neurons with specialised nerve endings extensively distributed in the skin, deep tissues and most of the visceral organs of our body.
Nociceptors are equipped with specific molecular sensors, which detect extreme heat or cold and certain dangerous chemicals. Physiological pain responses normally protect us from tissue damage by rapidly alerting us to impending injury.
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which hormone pathway is represented by cells in the body that are able to both receive hormone stimulation and secrete the hormone to receptive neighboring cells?
Autocrine pathway is represented by cells in the body that are able to both receive hormone stimulation and secrete the hormone to receptive neighboring cells.Autocrine is one of the hormone pathway
Cells communicate with other cells through extracellular messenger molecules. These molecules can travel near or far from the cells that produce them. In fact, there are molecules that can travel throughout the body, meaning over great distances from the source.
Types of hormon pathway
- Autocrine, meaning that the cell that produces the messenger molecule also has receptors for the messenger molecule and responds to the cell itself, which in turn can activate or inhibit the cell.
- Paracrine means that the messenger molecule travels a short distance through the extracellular space to another cell not far from the cell that produces the messenger molecule. Why is it just so close.It could be because the molecule is unstable, degraded by enzymes, or bound to the extracellular matrix (ECM).
- Endocrine, meaning messenger molecules can travel long distances and these molecules travel through blood vessels. These endocrine molecules are often referred to as hormones.
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Genetic drift is best described as the redistribution of the frequency of gene occurrence in a(n) _______. a. population b. organism c. ecosystem d. disaster please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
Genetic drift is best described as the redistribution of the frequency of gene occurrence in a(n) a. population.
In the field of biology, genetic drift can be described as a random event in which the allele frequency for a certain population modifies or changes due to an unexpected event.
A gene frequency that was low might become higher and vice versa as a result of genetic drift.
This shift in allele frequency, referred to as genetic drift, might also cause an allele to completely disappear from a certain population.
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which situation would be the most likely result of a mutation in a eukaryotic organism that causes it to produce less p21 protein than normal?
Mutation in a eukaryotic organism is most likely to cause destruction of cells with radiation-induced DNA which leads to production of less p21 protein.
Mutation refers to the process of producing diversity in characteristics by altering the genetic sequence. The alteration may include deleting, inserting or simple rearranging of chromosomes.
Eukaryotic organisms are organism that have their nucleus clearly defined and protected by a nuclear membrane.
When these types of organisms go through the process of mutation, the DNA of cells in which radiation is induced get damaged, this destruction is continued throughout the cell cycle and damaged DNA is not repaired. This causes the division of cells to be slower than usual because now the organism will produce lesser p21 protein.
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vince stains dna with a dna-binding dye. what suborganellar structures will become visible after staining?
The suborganellar structure that will become visible after staining is nucleoid.
In the field of biology, nucleoid can be described as a region inside the prokaryotic cell in which the DNA is present.
The prokaryotes do not have a membrane-bound nucleus like the eukaryotes. Hence, the region where the genetic material of the prokaryotes is present is an irregular shaper structure referred to as the nucleoid.
When DNA is stained with a DNA-binding dye, the suborganellar structure that will become visible will be the nucleoid as it is the region where the DNA is present.
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